Table 5.

PPVs for brain/CNS cancer for single symptoms in children in descending order of frequency among the patients with brain/CNS cancer

Study	Symptom(s)	Patient group, age in years	Frequency of symptom in patients with brain/CNS cancer	PPV % (95% CI)
Dommett et al . (2013) (19)	Headache 0–3 months before diagnosis	All CNS cancer patients and controls aged 0–14	58/270 = 21.5%	0.03 (0.02–0.06)
Kernick et al . (2009) (21)	Headache (any type)	All included patients aged 5–17	PPV based on 13/48575 a	0.03 (0.01–0.05)
Kernick et al . (2009) (21)	Primary headache		PPV based on 0/9321 a	0 (0–0.05)
Kernick et al . (2009) (21)	Undifferentiated headache		PPV based on 13/38705 a	0.03 (0.02–0.06)
Dommett et al . (2013) (19)	Vomiting 0–3 months before diagnosis	All CNS cancer patients and controls aged 0–14	55/270 = 20.4%	0.04 (0.02–0.07)
Dommett et al . (2013) (19)	Abnormal movement 0–3 months before diagnosis		32/270 = 11.9%	0.11 (0.03–0.35)
Dommett et al . (2013) (19)	Visual symptoms 0–3 months before diagnosis		21/270 = 7.8%	0.07 (0.02–0.24)
Dommett et al . (2013) (19)	Pain 0–3 months before diagnosis		14/270 = 5.2%	0.03 (0.01–0.08)
Dommett et al . (2013) (19)	Seizure 0–3 months before diagnosis		10/270 = 3.7%	0.02 (0.01–0.06)
Dommett et al . (2013) (19)	≥3 consultations		137/270 = 50.7%	0.01 (0–0.01)

^a Strictly, the PPV is not applicable but it has been estimated from the numbers given.