Table 2.

Typical radiation exposure, as measured by effective dose, from rest-stress MPI, CCTA, and angiography in women. Adapted with permission⁵

Typical radiation exposure (by Effective Dose) from cardiac imaging in women
	Effective dose, mSv
Annual background exposure	≈3
Invasive coronary angiography	≈7
Rest-stress MPI SPECT
Dual-isotope MPI SPECT—should be avoided	≈22
Technetium Tc 99m (NaI camera)	≈11
Technetium Tc 99m (CZT camera)	≈6
Stress-only MPI SPECT	≈1–3
Rest-stress MPI PET
Rubidium Rb82	≈3
Nitrogen N13	≈2
CCTA
Overall	≈10
With dose-reduction techniques	<2–5
Coronary artery calcium scoring	≈1–2

CCTA, coronary computed tomographic angiography; MPI, myocardial perfusion imaging; NaI, sodium iodine; CZT, cadmium zinc telluride; PET, positron emission tomography; SPECT, single-photon emission computed tomography