Table 3.
Adolescent and Parental Predictors of Self-Reported Physical Health Symptoms in the Last 12 Months in Early Adulthood at Wave 6 ( N = 908)
| Predictors | Health symptoms at W6 | |
|---|---|---|
| Univariate IRR (95% CI) (unadjusted) | Multivariate IRR (95% CI) (adjusted) a | |
| Adolescent factors (W5) | ||
| Demographics | ||
| Age (in years) | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.07) | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.02) |
| Female (vs. male) | 1.31 (1.09 to 1.59)** | 1.21 (1.00 to 1.45)* |
| Race/ethnicity (vs. white) | ||
| Black | 0.87 (0.68 to 1.11) | 0.98 (0.72 to 1.32) |
| Hispanic | 0.73 (0.57 to 0.92)** | 0.82 (0.64 to 1.05) |
| Smoking/ DSM-IV nicotine dependence last 12 months (vs. did not smoke) | ||
| Smoked, not nicotine dependent | 1.11 (0.90 to 1.36) | 1.34 (1.02 to 1.76)* |
| Smoked, nicotine dependent | 2.09 (1.59 to 2.74)*** | 2.33 (1.51 to 3.60)*** |
| Number of cigarettes smoked last 12 months | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.10)** | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.03) |
| Other substance use | ||
| Number of alcohol drinks consumed last 12 months | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.14)* | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.09) |
| Number of marijuana joints smoked last 12 months | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.09) | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.01) |
| Physical health | ||
| Frequency physical health symptoms last 12 months | 1.49 (1.37 to 1.63)*** | 1.50 (1.37 to 1.64)*** |
| Body mass index | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04)* | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) |
| Mental health | ||
| Depressive disorder last 12 months (vs. no) | 2.16 (1.32 to 3.52)** | 1.72 (1.05 to 2.84)* |
| Anxiety disorder last 12 months (vs. no) | 1.64 (1.13 to 2.38)** | 1.09 (0.76 to 1.57) |
| Disruptive disorder last 12 months (vs. no) | 1.32 (1.01 to 1.74)* | 0.90 (0.68 to 1.19) |
| Parental factors (W1–W5) | ||
| Education—highest level (vs. less than high school) (by W1) | ||
| High school | 1.03 (0.78 to 1.36) | 1.10 (0.83 to 1.47) |
| Some college or more | 1.04 (0.82 to 1.31) | 1.04 (0.81 to 1.37) |
| Smoking/ DSM-IV nicotine dependence lifetime (vs. never smoked) (by W5) | ||
| Smoked, never nicotine dependent | 1.14 (0.91 to 1.42) | 0.99 (0.79 to 1.23) |
| Smoked, nicotine dependent | 1.38 (1.08 to 1.77)** | 1.32 (1.02 to 1.70)* |
| Number of health conditions last 12 months (W1–W5) | 1.08 (1.02 to 1.15)** | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.14)* |
| Depressive disorder lifetime (vs. never) (by W5) | 1.47 (1.14 to 1.89)** | 1.28 (1.00 to 1.64)* |
CI = confidence interval; DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; IRR = incidence rate ratio. Weighted estimates, unweighted N .
a Controlling for adolescent and parental factors listed under Predictors.
* P < .05; ** P < .01; *** P < .001.