Fig 3. Simulations of metapopulation dynamics for four lemur species over 200 time steps in a fragmented landscape when the five largest and five smallest fragments are removed.

Simulated species occurrence over time using a Markov chain process. The five largest (A) and five smallest (B) fragments (black lines), respectively are removed from the rest of the fragments (n = 37; red lines) at time period 101(vertical line). After this point we ran simulations, to time period 200, separately to demonstrate the impact of either removing the largest (A) or smallest (B) fragments (black). We ran simulations using the IFM with α parameterized from the data (IFM) for C. medius, M. murinus, and E. fulvus and the IFM with α determined from the literature (IFMlit) for M. ravelobensis.