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. 2018 May 9;4(5):eaat2544. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aat2544

Fig. 5. 3D printing of tailored VA-loaded mouthguards for the first-in-human study and evaluation of VA release in the saliva.

Fig. 5

(A) 3D-printed VA-loaded mouthguards with three different designs: HSPH, VSPH, and HSPL. (B) Representative images of the 3D-printed VA-loaded mouthguards tailored to each volunteer’s maxillary anatomy in the HSPH group. (C and D) Mean VA concentrations in the saliva of volunteers wearing mouthguards of the three designs during the first cycle (C) and second cycle (D) of wearing for 2 hours continuously. (E) Amount of residual VA in the mouthguards following three cycles of wearing by the volunteers. (F) Representative images of each of the three types of VA-loaded mouthguards before and after three cycles of wearing by the same volunteer. A distinct whitening of the region containing VA was observed, as indicated by the arrows. Data are means ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001.