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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Immunol. 2018 Mar 16;51:103–110. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.002

Figure 2.

Figure 2

(A) Multiplex immunofluorescent staining of a human lung adenocarcinoma that demonstrates heterogeneous antigen expression of MSLN and MUC16 on tumor cells. (B) Addressing TAA heterogeneity in solid tumors: (1) Single TAA-targeted CAR T-cell therapy may result in antigen escape or the outgrowth of tumor cells that either express very low levels of TAA (below CAR T-cell activation threshold) or do not express the targeted TAA. Targeting two TAAs simultaneously, either by co-administration of CAR T cells targeting different antigens (2) or using a TanCAR (3), can mitigate tumor escape. A broad spectrum of TAAs can be targeted simultaneously with switchable CAR-transduced T cells (4).

CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; MSLN, mesothelin; MUC16, mucin 16; TAA, tumor-associated antigen; TanCAR, tandem CAR