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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Voice. 2017 Nov 10;33(1):96–102. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.10.002

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Respiratory requirement of normal voice production (dotted symbols in red) and voice production with glottal insufficiency (symbols + in blue). Panels a-k show the four control parameters (initial glottal angle, vocal fold vertical thickness, AP shear modulus, and subglottal pressure) and selected measures of voice production as a function of the termination lung volume (LVT) after 4-second phonation as a percentage of the lung vital capacity. Panel l shows the vocal intensity as a function of F0 for conditions with LVT>30%VC. The vertical lines in all panels indicate LVT=30%VC. Inspiratory muscular pressure is −1.5 kPa, which provides an initial lung volume at 62% of the vital capacity.