Table 2.
Multivariate competing risk Cox model to estimate the risk of prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) and other cause mortality (OCM).a
| Parameters | No of deaths | Person months | Adjusted HRb (PCSM) | P value | Adjusted HRc (OCM) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race | ||||||
| NHW | 2020 | 759,541 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| AAM | 88 | 42,923 | 1.62 (1.05–2.57) | 0.03 | 0.97 (0.76–1.25) | 0.9 |
| Age at diagnosis | ||||||
| ≤50 | 35 | 52,259 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| >51–60 | 307 | 223,576 | 1.55 (0.70–3.45) | 0.2 | 1.99 (1.33–2.97) | <0.001 |
| >61–70 | 847 | 356,154 | 1.76 (0.80–3.87) | 0.1 | 3.01 (2.03–4.44) | <0.001 |
| >70 | 919 | 170,475 | 2.37 (1.05–5.34) | 0.03 | 6.34 (4.26–9.43) | <0.001 |
| Treatment | ||||||
| No treatment | 330 | 89173 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| Radiation | 2524 | 302,867 | 0.76 (0.52–1.10) | 0.1 | 0.82 (0.71–0.94) | 0.006 |
| Surgery | 739 | 378,583 | 0.63 (0.42–0.95) | 0.02 | 0.63 (0.53–0.75) | <0.001 |
| Hormone | 190 | 30828 | 1.76 (1.12–2.75) | 0.01 | 1.12 (0.90–1.39) | 0.2 |
| Clinical T stage | ||||||
| T1–T2A | 1336 | 629,025 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| T2B–T2C | 254 | 78,675 | 1.77 (1.25–2.52) | 0.001 | 1.15 (0.99–1.33) | 0.05 |
| T3–T3A | 66 | 13,447 | 4.86 (3.11–7.60) | <0.001 | 1.15 (0.83–1.60) | 0.31 |
| T3B–T4 | 115 | 18,546 | 5.54 (3.73–8.23) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.06–1.73) | 0.01 |
| Unknown stage | 337 | 62,771 | 2.20 (1.47–3.30) | <0.001 | 2.55 (2.12–3.07) | <0.001 |
| Charlson Deyo comorbidity index | ||||||
| 0 | 2012 | 38,806 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| ≥1 | 96 | 763,658 | 0.75 (0.38–1.47) | 0.4 | 1.31 (1.04–1.67) | 0.02 |
| Insurance status | ||||||
| Uninsured | 453 | 137,756 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| Private insurance | 798 | 448,801 | 0.84 (0.58–1.22) | 0.3 | 1.0 (0.85–1.18) | 0.9 |
| Medicare alone | 832 | 209,267 | 1.02 (0.70–1.49) | 0.9 | 1.17 (1.00–1.37) | 0.04 |
| Medicaid coverage | 25 | 6640 | 0.96 (0.28–3.25) | 0.9 | 2.07 (1.32–3.25) | 0.001 |
| Tobacco exposure (self‐reported) | ||||||
| Never | 482 | 268,574 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| Ever | 1422 | 479,828 | 1.34 (1.01–1.77) | 0.03 | 1.43 (1.28–1.60) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 204 | 372 | 1.56 (1.04–2.34) | 0.03 | 1.28 (1.06–1.54) | 0.008 |
| Era of diagnosis | ||||||
| <1993 | 170 | 33,796 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| ≥1993 | 6839 | 768,668 | 0.41 (0.26–0.63) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.88–1.39) | 0.3 |
AAM, African‐American men; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; NHW, non‐hispanic whites; PCSM, prostate cancer‐specific mortality.
a
Model excludes the patients with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis (n = 266).
b
Adjusted Hazard ratio for the risk of prostate cancer‐specific mortality.
c
Adjusted Hazard ratio for the risk of other cause mortality. Bold p value indicates the statistical significance for the Race difference in PCSM.