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. 2018 May 3;12:84. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00084

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Copyright © 2018 Reinagel.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of citric acid (CA) adulteration on water consumption, weight maintenance and growth. (A) Fluid consumption of adult rats (age ~12 months, N = 7) transitioning to 2% CA water after >2 weeks on plain water. Average consumption (ml per rat) is based on daily measurement of consumption per cage (pair housed). Data are shown for the last 5 days on plain water (black symbols) and for the first 12 days after switching to 2% CA (blue symbols). Error bars indicate SD (thin) and SEM (thick) over cages. (B) The average daily fluid consumption in each cage in the last 5 days on plain water is compared to the consumption in the same cage in the last 5 days on CA water. (C) Weight measured daily in N = 7 rats over the same time period shown in (A). (D)The average weight of each rat in the last 5 days on plain water is compared to the last 5 days on CA water. (E) Daily water consumption as a function of citric acid concentration. Data are shown from a 21-day period around 6 months of age (N = 2 rats per condition), after maintenance on CA since P28. Error bars indicate the SD (thin) or SEM (thick) over days. These values are consistent with the daily consumption from P72–P168 as measured per cage (pair housed; data not shown). (F) Adult weight at 24 weeks, as a function of citric acid concentration in ad lib water supply during growth. (G) Weight change of rats over the 21 days shown in (E), expressed as a percentage of weight at the beginning of that period.