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. 2018 May 9;8:7340. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25309-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The major axes of mandibular shape variation in primates, retrieved from GMM. Homo and the australopiths almost exclusively occupy the upper left quadrant of the plot (purple circle). At the two extremes of both axes we reported the shape deformation associated to these axes, overimposed on the primate consensus shape (in red) and a continuous colour scale representing the mandibular areas or more intense deformation, from areas where the mandible widens compared to the consensus (in red) to areas where it compresses (in blue). The image was generated by using the R package ggplot (http://ggplot2.org/) and our own R codes.