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. 2018 May 3;12:302. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00302

Table 1.

Stimulatory and inhibitory neuropeptides, aminergic and amino acid neurotransmitters shown to regulate luteinizing hormone (Lh) in various teleost species.

Neuroendocrine regulators of Lh in teleosts Associated genes* Key citation
1. STIMULATORY NEUROPEPTIDES
(a) agouti-related peptide agrp Zhang et al., 2012
(b) cholecystokinin 8S ccka, cckb Trudeau, 1997
(c) galanin galn Pinto et al., 2017
(d) gonadotropin-releasing hormone gnrh1, gnrh2, gnrh3 Zohar et al., 2010
(e) isotocin oxt Popesku et al., 2008
(f) kisspeptin kiss1, kiss2 Li et al., 2009
(g) melanocortin pomca, pomcb Jiang et al., 2017
(h) neurokinin B tac3a, tac3b Biran et al., 2012
(i) neuropeptide Y npy Zohar et al., 2010
(k) pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide adcyap1a, adcyap1b Chang et al., 2009
(k) secretoneurin scg2a, scg2b Trudeau et al., 2012
2. INHIBITORY NEUROPEPTIDES
(a) ghrelin ghrl Chang et al., 2009
(b) growth hormone-releasing hormone ghrh Grey and Chang, 2013
(c) gonadotropin-release inhibiting hormone (− and +) npfv Muñoz-Cueto et al., 2017
(d) spexin spx Zheng et al., 2017
3. AMINES
(a) dopamine (−) th1, th2 Popesku et al., 2008
(b) norepinephrine (+) dbh Trudeau, 1997
(c) serotonin (+) tph1a, tph1b Popesku et al., 2008
4. AMINO ACIDS
(a) γ-aminobutyric acid (+) gad1, gad2, gad3 Trudeau et al., 2000
(b) glutamate (+) gsla, gslb Trudeau et al., 2000
(c) taurine (+) csad, gadl1 Trudeau, 1997

The + and − indicate stimulation and inhibition, respectively. Also shown are the principle genes involved in the synthesis of the listed regulatory factors. Key references are given, acknowledging that there are many other excellent papers that have not been cited due to space limitations.