Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients
| Variable | HF group (n = 30) | Non-HF group (n = 735) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristic | |||
| Age, yr | 72.1 ± 12.4 | 65.1 ± 12.6 | 0.030 |
| Female sex | 16 (53.3) | 199 (27.1) | 0.020 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.9 ± 3.8 | 23.9 ± 3.3 | 0.088 |
| Risk factors | |||
| Hypertension | 19 (63.3) | 342 (46.5) | 0.071 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 (40.0) | 205 (27.9) | 0.150 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 5 (16.7) | 182 (24.8) | 0.307 |
| Current smoking | 7 (23.3) | 321 (43.7) | 0.027 |
| Past medical history | |||
| Ischemic heart disease | 6 (20) | 104 (14.1) | 0.371 |
| Heart failure | 1 (3.3) | 4 (0.5) | 0.063 |
| Revascularization | 4 (13.3) | 63 (8.6) | 0.366 |
| Ischemic stroke | 3 (10.0) | 32 (4.4) | 0.147 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 4 (13.3) | 16 (2.2) | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 120.9 ± 28.9 | 131.8 ± 34.1 | 0.085 |
| DBP, mmHg | 69.1 ± 24.9 | 76.6 ± 22.2 | 0.068 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 83.4 ± 24.1 | 73.4 ± 20.3 | 0.009 |
| Killip class | 0.007 | ||
| Class I | 18 (60) | 624 (84.9) | |
| Class II | 5 (16.7) | 22 (3.0) | |
| Class III | 2 (6.7) | 31 (4.2) | |
| Class IV | 5 (16.7) | 58 (7.9) | |
| ST elevation MI | 17 (56.7) | 322 (43.8) | 0.959 |
| Coronary angiography findings | |||
| Infarct related artery | 0.587 | ||
| Left main | 3 (10) | 25 (3.4) | |
| Left anterior descending | 14 (46.7) | 295 (40.1) | |
| Left circumflex | 8 (26.7) | 174 (23.7) | |
| Right coronary artery | 5 (16.7) | 241 (32.8) | |
| Multivessel disease | 15 (50) | 394 (53.6) | 0.698 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| BNP, pg/mL | 1,031.8 ± 1,211.1 | 200.4 ± 431.8 | < 0.001 |
| CK-MB, peak, ng/mL | 170.34 ± 118.26 | 132.71 ± 113.28 | 0.080 |
| Troponin I, peak, ng/mL | 33.48 ± 30.62 | 27.84 ± 28.67 | 0.300 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 183.2 ± 42.1 | 190.4 ± 46.4 | 0.402 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 51.5 ± 15.5 | 44.80 ± 13.1 | 0.007 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 113.5 ± 37.0 | 125.9 ± 41.7 | 0.108 |
| Triiodothyronine, ng/dL | 84.32 ± 21.04 | 101.20 ± 20.30 | < 0.001 |
| TSH, mIU/L | 2.22 ± 1.50 | 1.78 ± 1.19 | 0.051 |
| Free thyroxine, ng/dL | 1.43 ± 0.28 | 1.28 ± 0.22 | 0.001 |
| GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 44.8 ± 23.9 | 73.9 ± 30.9 | < 0.001 |
| Echocardiography findings | |||
| LVEF, % | 41.9 ± 10.0 | 53.5 ± 8.4 | < 0.001 |
| Mean E/E’ | 13.4 ± 5.0 | 10.4 ± 4.3 | < 0.001 |
| RVSP, mmHg | 36.6 ± 9.4 | 28.8 ± 8.5 | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD or number (%).
HF, heart failure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MI, myocardial infarction; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CK-MB, creatine kinase MB; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; E/E’, mitral inflow E velocity of mitral annular tissue E’ velocity; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure.