Figure 4.

Clamp-only experiment showing sensorimotor adaptation from clamped feedback, but only if the feedback is immediate. A, Participants were instructed to reach toward the single target. Clamped feedback would always appear straight ahead at the end of the reach, regardless of the participant's heading angle. B, Immediate clamped feedback (“No Delay”) elicits a significant aftereffect in the expected direction for both targets. No aftereffect is observed when the clamped feedback is delayed by 2 s (“2 s Delay”). Lines represent mean heading angle over participants and shaded regions around the lines represent ±1 SEM over participants. Gray regions represent baseline and aftereffect trials with no feedback.