Table 2.
Performance of heart rate calculation
| Method | MAE | RMSE | rMAE | rRMSE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of heartbeats | ||||
| This work | 0.844 | 1.490 | 7.0% | 12.4% |
| Individual1 | 0.498 | 0.673 | 3.3% | 17.3% |
| Crowd2 | 0.524 | 0.848 | 3.5% | 21.9% |
| This work (−)3 | 1.656 | 2.339 | 13.3% | 18.8% |
| Heart rate | ||||
| This work | 0.054 | 0.071 | 1.8% | 2.4% |
| Individual | 0.073 | 0.106 | 2.1% | 5.6% |
| Crowd | 0.089 | 0.167 | 2.5% | 8.8% |
| This work (−) | 0.338 | 0.528 | 11.1% | 17.4% |
The best performance of each evaluation index in heartbeat detection and in heart rate calculation are highlighted in bold. 1Error of manual counting, where the average of an operator was used as the answer for his 30 results. 2Error of manual counting, where the average of all operators was used as the answer. 3Stands for “This work minus,” in which main features (the half-heart mask and noise filters) of this work were disabled