Table 1.

Dimension reduction-based methods of population structure analysis

Reference	Dimension reduction	Distance matrix	Clustering	Tool/package
Patterson at el. (2006) [41]	PCA (TW)	–	–	EIGENSTRAT/smartpca [82]: Perl
Liu at el. (2006) [40]	SVD	Cosine similarity	Density-based mean clustering (DBMC)	–
Lee at el.(2009) [52]	PCA (TW)	–	Spectral clustering (K-means, mixture model)	–
Intarapanich at el. (2009) [11]	PCA (TW)	Euclidean distance	Fuzzy C-means	TW-ipPCA [83]: MATLAB
Limpiti at el.(2011) [16]	PCA (EigenDev)	Euclidean distance	Fuzzy C-means	EigenDev-ipPCA [83]: MATLAB
Amornbunchornvej at el. (2012) [58]	PCA	ASD	Ward’s clustering	–