Table 2.
Univariate and multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses of covariates of patient dissatisfaction. Status ‘very satisfied’ was used as the reference category
| Characteristics | Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta coefficient (SE) | OR (95% CI) | P – value | Beta coefficient (SE) | OR (95% CI) | P – value | |
| Age (years) | −0.01 (0.003) | 0.992 (0.985 – 0.999) | 0.0215 | |||
| Ethnicity (Ref: Chinese) | 0.0060+ | 0.0104+ | ||||
| Indian | −0.16 (0.06) | 0.853 (0.761 – 0.956) | 0.0064 | −0.16 (0.06) | 0.853 (0.760 – 0.957) | 0.0066 |
| Malay | −0.04 (0.05) | 0.961 (0.878 – 1.052) | 0.3875 | −0.04 (0.05) | 0.959 (0.876 – 1.051) | 0.3739 |
| Others | −0.14 (0.05) | 0.865 (0.781 – 0.959) | 0.0057 | −0.13 (0.05) | 0.876 (0.790 – 0.971) | 0.0118 |
| Mode of delivery (Ref: NVD) | < 0.0001+ | < 0.0001+ | ||||
| Instrument-assisted | 0.16 (0.06) | 1.179 (1.046 – 1.328) | < 0.0001 | 0.21 (0.06) | 1.237 (1.095 – 1.398) | 0.0007 |
| LSCS | −0.56 (0.05) | 0.573 (0.518 – 0.634) | < 0.0001 | −0.47 (0.05) | 0.628 (0.566 – 0.697) | < 0.0001 |
| Multiparity (Ref: No) | 0.15 (0.04) | 1.166 (1.083 – 1.254) | < 0.0001 | 0.11 (0.04) | 1.119 (1.037 – 1.208) | 0.0039 |
| Epidural analgesia (Ref: CSE) | 0.09 (0.08) | 1.089 (0.929 – 1.277) | 0.2913 | |||
| Total time taken to perform procedure (minutes) | 0.02 (0.004) | 1.019 (1.012 – 1.027) | < 0.0001 | |||
| Pre-epidural cervix dilation (cm) | 0.06 (0.02) | 1.06 (1.027 - 1.094) | 0.0003 | 0.03 (0.02) | 1.034 (1.001 – 1.067) | 0.0443 |
| Occurrence of epidural catheter resiting (Ref: No) | 0.92 (0.23) | 2.499 (1.587 – 3.937) | < 0.0001 | 1.02 (0.23) | 2.775 (1.752 – 4.396) | < 0.0001 |
| Pre-epidural pain score | −0.002 (0.006) | 0.998 (0.987 - 1.009) | 0.7400 | |||
| Post-epidural pain score | 0.09 (0.03) | 1.094 (1.024 – 1.151) | 0.0058 | 0.08 (0.03) | 1.085 (1.031 – 1.142) | 0.0016 |
| Occurrence of breakthrough pain (Ref: No) | 0.03 (0.05) | 1.032 (0.931 - 1.143) | 0.5532 | |||
| Reported post-epidural complications (Ref: No) | ||||||
| Headache | 0.83 (0.24) | 2.295 (1.437 – 3.664) | 0.0005 | 0.83 (0.24) | 2.296 (1.432 – 3.679) | 0.0006 |
| Backache | 0.69 (0.07) | 1.995 (1.737 – 2.291) | < 0.0001 | 0.61 (0.07) | 1.840 (1.599 – 2.117) | < 0.0001 |
| Nausea/Vomiting | - 0.02 (0.06) | 0.977 (0.867 – 1.102) | 0.7076 | |||
| Shivering | 0.07 (0.04) | 1.074 (0.989 – 1.166) | 0.0912 | |||
| Itching | 0.03 (0.04) | 1.034 (0.960 – 1.115) | 0.3759 | |||
| Urinary retention | 0.48 (0.12) | 1.611 (1.263 – 2.056) | 0.0001 | 0.46 (0.13) | 1.591 (1.242 – 2.039) | 0.0002 |
| Neural deficit | 0.79 (0.34) | 2.205 (1.122 – 4.333) | 0.0218 | 0.76 (0.35) | 2.134 (1.077 – 4.228) | 0.0297 |
NVD normal vaginal delivery, LSCS lower-segment caesarean section, CSE combined spinal-epidural