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. 2018 May 10;17:182. doi: 10.1186/s12936-018-2331-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Association between placental infection and antibody levels by parity. Multivariate regression analysis adjusted by peripheral infection, age, neighbourhood, household indoor residual spraying, use of insecticide treated nets and season. Y axis represents the proportional increase in the level of antibodies in women with a placental infection compared to uninfected women among primigravida (a), secundigravida (b) and multigravida (c). *If the p value for the interaction term between parity and antibody levels was < 0.05