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. 2018 May 9;18:110. doi: 10.1186/s12877-018-0796-1

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in the spinal cord for the four groups are shown (a and b). Compared to the adult group, the cytokines were relatively increased in the aged group. The cytokines were still at high level after GDNF treatment compared to the aged group. Values are shown as mean ± SD (n = 10, **P < 0.01)