Table 3.
A summary of properties of different perfusion hepatocyte culture systems.
| System | References | System Type |
Cell Type(s) | Culture Time |
Flow Rate (µL/min) |
Total Volume |
CYP450 | Urea | Albumin | Throughput |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spinning Bioreactor Spheroids | 138 | Macroscale Perfusion | PHH | 3–4 Weeks | 41.6 | 300mL | Stable | ↓ | ↑ | High |
| Radial Flow Bioreactor | 139 | Macroscale Perfusion | PRH + 3T3 | 5–11 Days | 830 | 54mL | N.D. | ↓ | ↓ | Medium |
| Multichamber Modular Bioreactor | 140 | Macroscale Perfusion | PHH | 7–21 Days | 250–500 | 5mL | Stable or ↓ | Stable | Stable | Low |
| LiverChip™ by CN Bio Innovations Ltd. | 77 | Microscale Perfusion | PHH + HNPC | 15–29 Days | 60 | 1.6mL | Stable | Stable | Stable | High |
| Metabolomics on a Chip | 147) | Microscale Perfusion | HepG2/C3A | 48 Hours | 10 | 3mL | Stable | N.D. | Stable | Low |
| Hollow Fiber Perfusion Bioreactor | 148 | Microscale Perfusion | PHH + HNPC | 10 Days | 3000 | 0.5mL | ↓ | ↓ | N.D. | Low |
| Artificial Liver Sinusoid | 150, 151 | Microscale Perfusion | PHH or PRH or HepG2/C3A | 7–8 Days | 0.01 – 0.02 | 0.075mL | N.D. | N.D. | Stable | Low |
| HµREL® biochips by HµREL Corp. | 116, 152 | Microscale Perfusion | cPHH + HNPC | 6 Days | 4.5 | 0.1mL | Stable or ↓ | N.D. | N.D. | Medium |
| Human Liver Sinusoid | 153, 157 | Microscale Perfusion | PHH & cPHH + EA.hy926 + U937 + LX-2 | 28 Days | 0.08 to 0.25 | 100 µl | Stable | Stable | Stable | Medium |
PHH = Primary Human Hepatocyte, cPHH = cryopreserved Primary Human Hepatocyte, PRH = Primary Rat Hepatocyte, 3T3 = 3T3 Fibroblasts, HNPC = Human Non-Parenchymal Cells, N.D = Not determined, EA.hy926 = human endothelial cell line, U937 = human monocyte cell line, LX-2 = human hepatic stellate cell line