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. 2018 May 3;9:913. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00913

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Copyright © 2018 Paroli, Gonzalez, Díaz-Luján, Onofrio, Arocena, Cano, Carrera-Silva and Gea.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Infected NLRP3 and caspase-1/11-deficient mice differentially modulate T helper and T cytotoxic lymphocyte phenotypes during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Intracellular cytokines were determined in hepatic leukocytes obtained at 14 and 21 days post infection by flow cytometry. Absolute number of hepatic (A) IFNγ+, (B) IL-4+, (C) IL-17+, and (D) IL-10+ in CD4+ T lymphocytes are shown. Absolute number of hepatic (E) IFNγ+, (F) IL-10+, and (G) IL-17+ in CD8+ T lymphocytes are shown. Absolute number of (H) IL-1R+ and (I) IL-18R+ on CD4+ T lymphocytes. Absolute number of hepatic (J) IL-1R+ and (K) IL-18R+ on CD8+ T lymphocytes. Data are shown as mean ± SEM from one of three representative experiments; n = 3–6 mice per group. Statistical significance was evaluated by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001.