Table 6.

Gene expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the hepatic tissues induced by SDNP exposure

Gene	Function	Example of substrate drug	The effect of SiO2 NPs on gene expression	Fold change ± SD
cyp1a2	Drug metabolism	Caffeine	Downregulated	−7.3±1.05
cyp2e1	Drug metabolism	Nicotine	Decreased	−6.7±1.10
cyp2c29	Drug metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism	Warfarin	Downregulated	−5.1±0.76
cyp2d9	Drug metabolism	Morphine	Downregulated	−7.1±0.65
cyp2j5	Drug metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism	Amiodarone	Downregulated	−8±0.91
cyp3a11	Drug metabolism	Simvastatin	Downregulated	−2.1±0.8
cyp4a12	Arachidonic acid metabolism	Arachidonic acid	Downregulated	−31.2±0.95
ephx2	Arachidonic acid metabolism	Arachidonic acid	Downregulated	−16.5±1.51
ugt2b1	Drug metabolism	Diclofenac	Downregulated	−6.5±0.65
ugt1a1	Drug metabolism	Irinotecan	Downregulated	−5.6±0.53
nat2	Drug metabolism	Isoniazid	Downregulated	−13.3±1.29
slc22a1	Transportation of drugs into the liver	Metformin	Downregulated	−10.9±0.84

Abbreviations: NPs, nanoparticles; SDNPs, silicon dioxide nanoparticles.