Fig. 7.

The distribution of medical costs associated with spinal diseases stratified by sex and diagnostic codes in the Republic of Korea in 2016. In total, the largest medical expenditure was on dorsalgia (M54), followed by other spondylosis including spinal stenosis and ankylosing hyperostosis (M48), and thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbosacral intervertebral disc disorders (M51). The ranking of medical expenditure did not exactly match the ranking of the number of patients. In patients aged 0–19 years, M43 and M41 including deformity accounted for the largest expenditure. Among those older than 60 years of age, M48, including spinal stenosis, it accounted for the highest expenditure for both sexes.