TABLE 2—
Association Between Age of Sexual Initiation and Adult Substance Use for Main Effects and Mediated Through Sexual Consequences: Seattle Social Development Project; Seattle, WA; 2005–2014
| Variable | Alcohol Disorder,a OR (95% CI) | Nicotine Disorder,a
OR (95% CI) |
Marijuana Disorder,a OR (95% CI | |||
| Unmediated | Mediated | Unmediated | Mediated | Unmediated | Mediated | |
| Main effect: age of initiation | 0.92 (0.85, 1.00) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.06) | 0.88 (0.79, 0.97) | 0.90 (0.81, 1.00) | 0.77 (0.66, 0.90) | 0.83 (0.70, 0.99) |
| Mediators | ||||||
| STI | . . . | 0.96 (0.56, 1.71) | . . . | 0.84 (0.48, 1.50) | . . . | 1.16 (0.61, 2.22) |
| Adolescent pregnancy | . . . | 0.82 (0.50, 1.35) | . . . | 1.43 (0.87, 2.36) | . . . | 1.76 (0.93, 3.33) |
| High number of sexual partners | . . . | 2.24 (1.46, 3.56) | . . . | 1.20 (0.75, 1.94) | . . . | 2.14 (1.18, 3.91) |
| Gender interactions: gender × pubertal age | NS | NS | 1.31 (1.00, 1.72) | 1.33 (1.06, 1.75) | NS | NS |
| Controls | ||||||
| Outcome at ages 10–12 y | 1.07 (0.74, 1.55) | 1.07 (0.71, 1.65) | 1.06 (0.71, 1.57) | 1.04 (0.71, 1.52) | 1.13 (0.73, 1.75) | 1.05 (0.66, 1.69) |
| Externalizing | 1.30 (0.70, 2.43) | 1.29 (0.68, 2.45) | 3.16 (1.65, 6.03) | 3.24 (1.68, 6.39) | 1.23 (0.59, 2.59) | 1.11 (0.51, 2.43) |
| Black | 0.84 (0.52, 1.37) | 0.89 (0.53, 1.56) | 0.78 (0.46, 1.33) | 0.75 (0.43, 1.30) | 1.53 (0.87, 2.71) | 1.40 (0.80, 2.45) |
| Asian American | 0.59 (0.34, 1.02) | 0.65 (0.37, 1.16) | 0.70 (0.38, 1.30) | 0.71 (0.39, 1.31) | 0.39 (0.16, 1.00) | 0.42 (0.16, 1.09) |
| Native American | 0.95 (0.48, 2.30) | 1.11 (0.51, 2.33) | 1.34 (0.58, 3.07) | 1.33 (0.59, 3.00) | 0.49 (0.13, 1.88) | 0.52 (0.14, 1.90) |
| Male | 2.20 (1.51, 3.21) | 1.98 (1.32, 2.99) | 2.04 (1.29, 3.23) | 2.06 (1.27, 3.33) | 2.58 (1.48, 4.51) | 2.65 (1.47, 4.78) |
| Low childhood SES | 0.65 (0.44, 0.98) | 0.95 (0.47, 1.05) | 1.25 (0.80, 1.94) | 1.22 (0.78, 1.91) | 0.73 (0.44, 1.22) | 0.72 (0.43, 1.30) |
| Treatment | 0.97 (0.57, 1.65) | 0.71 (0.54, 1.64) | 0.87 (0.49, 1.53) | 0.88 (0.49, 1.55) | 0.72 (0.34, 1.49) | 0.75 (0.34, 1.54) |
| Pubertal age | 1.04 (0.93, 1.17) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.18) | 0.73 (0.61, 0.89) | 0.73 (0.60, 0.88) | 1.07 (0.90, 1.26) | 1.10 (0.92, 1.32) |
| Sexual abuse | 2.00 (1.15, 3.47) | 1.94 (1.11, 3.35) | 2.01 (1.14, 3.57) | 1.87 (1.05, 3.35) | 2.83 (1.39, 5.79) | 2.38 (1.19, 4.78) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; NS = not significant (omitted from the model); OR = odds ratio; SES = socioeconomic status; STI = sexually transmitted infection. Ellipses indicate values were not calculated as part of the analysis design. The sample size was n = 770.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)26 diagnoses for alcohol or marijuana abuse or dependence, and nicotine dependence were based on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule27 at each time point (at ages 30, 33, and 39 years). If respondents met diagnostic criteria in any of the 3 assessments, disorder was coded as 1 (0 otherwise).