Fig 4. Effects of PK 11195 and NAC on SDT-induced ΔΨm loss, as determined with JC-1 by flow cytometer.
THP-1 macrophages were treated for 1 hours with 5-aminolevulinic acid mediated sonodynamic therapy (ALA-SDT), with or without pretreatment of PK 11195 or NAC. (A) Cells with polarized mitochondria are found in the upper right quadrant, corresponding to high emission of fluorescence at both 590 nm (FL2-H, orange-red) and 527 nm (FL1-H, green), whereas cells with depolarized mitochondria are present in the lower right quadrant. (B) Quantifications of percentage of cells with low mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in the indicated groups. ***P < 0.001 compared to no treatment group, ###P < 0.001 compared to ALA-SDT treated group.