Figure 3.

Cryo-SEM photographs of planted intact samples of F. mandshurica var japonica after thawing. A, Transverse surface of the current year's xylem after thawing for 2 h. Some vessels have air in their lumina. B, Tangential surface of the current year's earlywood vessels after thawing for 2 h. Two vessels contain cavities (arrows) in their lumina. One vessel (asterisk) contains only a little water in its lumen. C, Transverse surface of the current year's xylem after thawing for 4 h. Some vessels have air in their lumina. D, Tangential surface of the current year's earlywood vessels after thawing for 12 h. Large cavities (asterisks) are visible in the vessel lumina. E, Transverse surface of the current year's xylem after thawing for 24 h. All earlywood vessels contain only a little water. F, Tangential surface of the current year's earlywood vessels after thawing for 24 h. Only a little water is visible in the vessel lumina (arrows). All bars represent 100 μm.