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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Child Fam Stud. 2017 Oct 16;27(2):559–568. doi: 10.1007/s10826-017-0910-6

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for study variables

Variable M SD Range
Maternal Negative Affect1 18.90 7.57 10–44
Paternal Negative Affect1 19.39 7.45 10–44
Maternal Positive Affect1 37.15 7.44 17–50
Paternal Positive Affect1 35.88 7.81 11–50
Maternal H/N2 14.63 7.05 5–37
Paternal H/N2 15.88 9.09 5–49
Maternal S/P2 48.22 7.16 20–55
Paternal S/P2 42.41 9.86 11–55
Child Depressive Symptoms3 8.56 6.87 2–41

Note. Raw scores are reported. H/N = harsh/negative parenting; S/P = supportive/positive parenting.

1

Measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988).

2

Measured using the Parent Behavior Inventory (Lovejoy et al., 1999).

3

Measured using the Children’s Depression Inventory-Second Edition (Kovacs, 2011).