Table 3. Summary of studies which have examined perineural invasion as a prognostic factor in localized prostate cancer with prostate cancer death as the primary outcome.
| Author | Sample Type | Study size | Follow up (years) | Treatment | Univariable significance of PNI | Multivariable significance of PNI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saeter et al. | Biopsy | 318 | 10 | Any | Yes | No |
| Tollefson et al. | Biopsy | 451 | 12.9 | RP | Yes | Yes |
| DeLancey et al. | Biopsy | 3226 | NR | RP | Yes | Yes |
| Feng et al. 2011 | Biopsy | 651 | 5.2 | EBRT | Yes | Yes |
| Beard et al. 2004 | Biopsy | 517 | 4.5 | EBRT | Yes | No |
| Aaltomaa et al. 2006 | RP | 211 | NR | RP | Yes | No |
| Andersen et al. | RP | 535 | 7.4 | RP | Yes | Yes |
| Lee et al. | RP | 361 | 3.5 | RP | No | No |
| Van den Ouden | RP | 273 | 4.1 | RP | No | No |
| Zareba et al. (a) | TURP | 615 | 9 | WW | Yes | No |
| Zareba et al. (b) | RP | 849 | 23 | RP | Yes | Yes |
| Parameshwaran et al. | Biopsy | 988 | 9.52 | WW/Hormones | Yes | No |