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. 2018 Apr 17;9(29):20555–20562. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.24994

Table 3. Summary of studies which have examined perineural invasion as a prognostic factor in localized prostate cancer with prostate cancer death as the primary outcome.

Author Sample Type Study size Follow up (years) Treatment Univariable significance of PNI Multivariable
significance of PNI
Saeter et al. Biopsy 318 10 Any Yes No
Tollefson et al. Biopsy 451 12.9 RP Yes Yes
DeLancey et al. Biopsy 3226 NR RP Yes Yes
Feng et al. 2011 Biopsy 651 5.2 EBRT Yes Yes
Beard et al. 2004 Biopsy 517 4.5 EBRT Yes No
Aaltomaa et al. 2006 RP 211 NR RP Yes No
Andersen et al. RP 535 7.4 RP Yes Yes
Lee et al. RP 361 3.5 RP No No
Van den Ouden RP 273 4.1 RP No No
Zareba et al. (a) TURP 615 9 WW Yes No
Zareba et al. (b) RP 849 23 RP Yes Yes
Parameshwaran et al. Biopsy 988 9.52 WW/Hormones Yes No