Figure 1. GSCs upon adhesion form invadopodia.

(A) GSCs were seeded on matrigel-coated coverslips for different time periods 2, 24, 48 and 120 h. (B) GSCs were fixed and stained with anti-cortactin antibody (green) and rhodamine phalloidin (red). GSCs adhesion on matrigel was accompanied by invadopodia formation. (C) GFP-expressing GSCs were stained with cortactin antibody (red) and analyzed with confocal microscopy. Z-sectioning showed cortactin staining at columnar structures rising perpendicular to the substratum. (D) GSCs were plated on fluorescent (green) gelatin-coated coverslips for 16 h before fixation and staining with cortactin (red). Confocal imaging demonstrated that matrix degradation occurred in regions where cortactin-containing invadopodia protruded into the gelatin layer. Bars: (A) 100 μm; (B) 30 μm; (C) 50 μm; (D) 50 μm.