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. 2018 May 10;8:7449. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25929-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of XSECC on neuronal plasticity in BCCAO rats. Twenty random images (8000×) were taken for the analysis of synaptic density and another twenty high magnification images (20000×) were taken for the analysis of PSD. (a) Typical TEM images of synaptic ultrastructure from sham, model and XSECC group rats (Scale bar = 500 nm, n = 2 per group). Synapses were identified by arrows and a magnified synapse (from the synapse indicated by yellow arrow) was displayed on the top right corner of the TEM images. Quantitation showed synaptic density (b), PSD length (c) and thickness (d) in the model group rats were significantly elevated by XSECC. Western blot analysis of the SYN protein expression (e) and GAP-43 protein level (f) in the hippocampus (n = 6 per group). ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 vs. sham group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. model group (one-way ANOVA followed by LSD’s post hoc test).