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. 2018 May 10;8:7476. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25895-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Competitive whole genome amplification (coWGA) of Control-DNA (red line) and single cell DNA (blue line). (a) In non-damaged cells, the double-stranded DNA is mostly intact and does contain very few blocking sites. Here, cellular DNA is longer than Control-DNA. In this case, the amplification of the large, unbroken double-stranded DNA out-competes the amplification of the Control-DNA. (b) In damaged cells, genomic DNA may have multiple breaks (arrows) and sites blocking Phi29 polymerase (blue dot). As a result, the amplification rate is reduced and the large sized Control-DNA outcompetes the amplification of the low quality cellular DNA. A high amount of Control-DNA indicates a low quality of cellular target DNA and vice versa.