Table 1.
Demographic data
| Characteristics and questionnaires | TD controls (n = 31) | CP/LCU (n = 35) | CP/HCU (n = 35) | p valuea | Post hoc* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | ||||
| Child age (years)b | 13.96 | 1.85 | 5.85 | 14.56 | 1.54 | 5.60 | 14.66 | 1.41 | 5.54 | 0.17 | ||
| Child IQ (full score, two-subtest WASI)c | 100.68 | 12.72 | 51 | 101.06 | 14.16 | 54 | 95.35 | 12.34 | 58 | 0.14 | ||
| Child ethnicityb,f | 4:17:10 | 5:21:9 | 6:20:9 | 0.96 | ||||||||
| ICUd | 25.39 | 7.36 | 33.00 | 33.61 | 7.39 | 32.00 | 51.00 | 6.57 | 26.00 | 0.00 | 1 < 2 < 3 | |
| CASI conduct disorderd | 0.58 | 0.76 | 2.00 | 6.00 | 3.58 | 19.00 | 11.02 | 4.97 | 21.00 | 0.00 | 1 < 2 < 3 | |
| CASI attention deficit hyperactivity disordere | 11.31 | 6.73 | 31.00 | 23.07 | 11.86 | 41.00 | 25.54 | 11.84 | 49.00 | 0.00 | 1 < 2/3 | |
| CASI generalised anxiety disordere | 3.63 | 2.02 | 7.00 | 8.60 | 5.00 | 18.00 | 9.05 | 4.08 | 18.00 | 0.00 | 1 < 2/3 | |
| CASI major depressive episodee | 2.99 | 1.50 | 5.78 | 6.20 | 3.95 | 13.00 | 6.84 | 4.31 | 15.00 | 0.00 | 1 < 2/3 | |
| Alcohol use and disordersc | 0.60 | 1.53 | 6.75 | 2.81 | 5.50 | 22.00 | 2.30 | 3.78 | 18.00 | 0.08 | ||
| Drug use and disordersc | 0.13 | 0.72 | 4.00 | 2.44 | 3.56 | 11.00 | 2.00 | 4.32 | 20.00 | 0.02 | 1 < 2 | |
| SESb | 2.87 | 1.12 | 4.00 | 2.67 | 1.14 | 4.00 | 3.15 | 0.83 | 3.00 | 0.15 | ||
| Parent/caregiver informante,g | 23:3:0 | 29:5:1 | 32:0:3 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Family structureb,h | 15:16 | 19:16 | 15:20 | 0.63 | ||||||||
| Child birth ordere,i | 15:9:4:3 | 14:11:4:4 | 14:14:5:1 | 0.83 | ||||||||
| Number of people living in householde,j | 4:10:9:6:2 | 0:9:16:6:3 | 7:8:8:6:6 | 0.11 | ||||||||
| Parent self-report psychopathyb | 11.36 | 9.66 | 39.74 | 11.57 | 9.76 | 43.00 | 14.15 | 9.87 | 39.00 | 0.43 | ||
TD typically developing, CP/LCU conduct problems and low levels of callous-unemotional traits, CP/HCU conduct problems and high levels of callous-unemotional traits, SD standard deviation, WASI Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, ICU inventory of callous-unemotional traits, CASI Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory, SES socio-economic status
* p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected
aAll p values obtained using analysis of variance, except child ethnicity and family structure (Chi-square) and parent/caregiver informant, child birth order, number of people living in the household (Fisher’s exact test)
bMeasures obtained at screening phase, parent report
cMeasures obtained at testing session, child report
dMeasures obtained at screening phase, parent and teacher report
eMeasures obtained at testing session, parent report
fCounts for each ethnicity (Black:White:Mixed/Asian)
gCounts for each rater category [Mother:Father:Other (Foster/Adoptive/Grandparent)]
hCounts for two-parent/carer household:single-parent/carer household
iCounts for 1st:2nd:3rd:4th born
jCounts for family size of 2:3:4:5:6 + family members