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. 2018 May 11;7(5):39. doi: 10.1038/s41389-018-0048-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — CARF enrichment promoted EMT via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. a Immunostaining showing β-catenin expression in control and CARF-enriched cells; nuclear enrichment of β-catenin is clearly seen in the latter in image on the right (×100, marked by arrow). b mRNA expression of transcription factors (SNAIL1, SNAIL2, ZEB1, TWIST1, and CDH1) in control and CARF-enriched cells. c Transcript levels of β-catenin target genes (WNT1, CTNBB1, DVL2, AXIN2, TCF4, and LEF1); quantitation (fold change) is shown on the right. d qPCR-based mRNA quantitation showing increased Wnt3α in CARF-enriched cells. e Immunostaining showing survivin expression. f Immunoblots showing increase in β-catenin and its target proteins viz. survivin, cyclin D1, and SMAD2/3 in CARF-GFP cells. g TCF-β1 and SMAD2/3 immunostaining showing an increase in latter, quantitation shown on right. h Immunoblots showing protein levels of β-catenin and its targets (Survivin, Cyclin D1) in control, IWP2-, PP- and iCRT14-treated control (U2OS pCXNeo), and CARF-enriched (CARF-GFP) cells, quantitation is shown on right. i β-catenin immunofluorescence in IWP2- and PP-treated cells; lack of nuclear β-catenin was observed in PP-treated cells