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. 2018 May 10;8:7481. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25596-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Immunogenicity of GI JEV VLPs in SPF swine. (A) Second-generation SPF swine (5 pigs each group) were inoculated with 1, 5, or 25 μg GI VLPs with ISA201-adjuvant, and neutralizing antibodies in the serum specimens were determined by FRμNT₅₀. (B) SPF pigs (5 pigs each group) were immunized with 1 or 2 doses of 5 μg GI VLP, and the antibody response was detected by swine Ag-ELISA. (C) The reactivity of antibodies against GI YL2009-4 virus proteins (V) and the cellular supernatant (NC) among 2-dose PBS- or GI VLP-immunized SPF swine (S1 to S3) was analyzed by western blot assay. The serum plasma collected from naturally infected swine (S-JEV) was a positive control. Full-length Western blots are presented in Supplementary Fig. S7. (D) SPF swine (5 pigs each group) were immunized with 1 or 2 doses of 5 μg GI VLPs, and the heterologous neutralizing activity against GI and GIII viruses was determined by FRμNT₅₀. Data are mean ± SD and were compared by Student t test. *P < 0.05.