Table 2.

Associations of individual left heart echocardiographic parameters with ePASP

	Full study population, n = 2592		Restricted to free of shortness of breath, n = 1711
	Difference (95% CI) in ePASP	P value	Difference (95% CI) in ePASP	P value
Left ventricular mass (per 10 grams)	0.23 (0.15 to 0.30)	< 0.001	0.19 (0.10 to 0.29)	< 0.001
Left ventricular volume (per 10 mL)	0.26 (0.27 to 0.35)	< 0.001	0.22 (0.11 to 0.34)	< 0.001
Left ventricular posterior wall thickness (mm)	0.28 (0.05 to 0.51)	0.016	0.28 (0.00 to 0.55)	0.048
Interventricular septum thickness (per 1 mm)	0.15 (− 0.02 to 0.32)	0.078	0.12 (− 0.09 to 0.32)	0.264
Diameter of left atrium (per 1 mm)	0.27 (0.22 to 0.31)	< 0.001	0.25 (0.19 to 0.30)	< 0.001
Left ventricular fractional shortening (per 1%)	− 0.07 (− 0.12 to − 0.03)	0.002	− 0.05 (− 0.11 to 0.01)	0.102
Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (per 1 mm)	0.14 (0.09 to 0.20)	< 0.001	0.13 (0.06 to 0.19)	< 0.001
Diameter of the aortic root (per 1 mm)	− 0.12 (− 0.20 to − 0.05)	0.001	− 0.15 (− 0.24 to − 0.07)	0.001
Mitral valve inflow deceleration-time (per 10 ms)	− 0.22 (− 0.28 to − 0.15)	< 0.001	− 0.20 (− 0.27 to − 0.13)	< 0.001
E/A ratio	3.94 (3.23 to 4.65)	< 0.001	3.60 (2.67 to 4.53)	< 0.001
≤ 0.75	0.00 (reference)		0.00 (reference)
> 0.75 and < 1.50	1.55 (0.98 to 2.12)	< 0.001	1.47 (0.79 to 2.15)	< 0.001
≥ 1.50	6.24 (4.94 to 7.54)	< 0.001	5.69 (4.05 to 7.32)	< 0.001
E/E′ ratio	0.27 (0.22 to 0.32)	< 0.001	0.27 (0.19 to 0.35)	< 0.001
≤ 8	0.00 (reference)		0.00 (reference)
> 8 and < 15	1.08 (0.46 to 1.70)	0.001	1.09 (0.36 to 1.83)	0.003
≥ 15	3.36 (2.44 to 4.28)	< 0.001	3.36 (2.24 to 4.48)	< 0.001
E′ (per 0.1 m/s)	2.51 (1.12 to 3.89)	< 0.001	2.77 (1.11 to 4.42)	0.001

Adjusted for age, sex, resting heart rate, and body surface area

ePASP echocardiographic pulmonary artery systolic pressure, SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval, E/A ratio E wave divided by A wave, E/E′ ratio E wave divided by E′