Table 1.
Linear mixed-effects models for fish and benthic macroinvertebrate response variables. “Site” = study riffle. Also included are D16 and D50, relative roughness, streamflow velocity, and mean water depth
| Source | df | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Benthic macroinvertebrates | |||
| Density (no. 0.1 m−2) | |||
| Site | 6, 14 | 6.24 | 0.002 |
| Time | 5, 70 | 12.64 | < 0.0001 |
| Site*time | 30, 70 | 1.50 | 0.084 |
| Simpson’s (1-D) | |||
| Site | 6, 14 | 1.50 | 0.249 |
| Time | 5, 70 | 3.36 | 0.009 |
| Site*time | 30, 70 | 0.82 | 0.722 |
| Family richness | |||
| Site | 6, 14 | 2.16 | 0.111 |
| Time | 5, 70 | 19.45 | < 0.0001 |
| Site*time | 30, 70 | 3.97 | < 0.0001 |
| Evenness (J’) | |||
| Site | 6, 14 | 1.93 | 0.146 |
| Time | 5, 70 | 7.45 | < 0.0001 |
| Site*time | 30, 70 | 0.79 | 0.753 |
| Fish | |||
| Density (no. 2.25 m−2) | |||
| Site | 6, 14 | 1.58 | 0.225 |
| Time | 5, 70 | 3.47 | 0.007 |
| Site*time | 30, 70 | 0.51 | 0.976 |
| Species richness (S) | |||
| Site | 6, 14 | 1.24 | 0.345 |
| Time | 5, 70 | 3.80 | 0.004 |
| Site*time | 30, 70 | 0.52 | 0.974 |
| Darter species richness | |||
| Site | 6, 14 | 0.93 | 0.501 |
| Time | 5, 70 | 3.89 | 0.004 |
| Site*time | 30, 70 | 0.74 | 0.820 |
| Hydrogeomorphology | |||
| D16 (mm) | |||
| Site | 6, 14 | 3.05 | 0.040 |
| Time | 5, 70 | 31.67 | < 0.0001 |
| Site*time | 30, 70 | 2.05 | 0.007 |
| D50 (mm) | |||
| Site | 6, 14 | 7.08 | 0.001 |
| Time | 5, 70 | 12.44 | < 0.0001 |
| Site*time | 30, 70 | 0.76 | 0.791 |
| Relative roughness | |||
| Site | 6, 14 | 2.64 | 0.063 |
| Time | 4, 56 | 3.51 | 0.013 |
| Site*time | 24, 56 | 1.18 | 0.295 |
| Streamflow velocity (m s−1) | |||
| Site | 6, 14 | 1.50 | 0.219 |
| Site*time | 24, 56 | 1.31 | 0.203 |
| Average depth (m) | |||
| Site | 6, 14 | 1.40 | 0.251 |
| Time | 4, 56 | 9.08 | < 0.0001 |
| Site*time | 24, 56 | 0.76 | 0.756 |