Figure 2.

Exogenous and endogenous protein regulation of the TLR2/1 signaling pathway. Initial regulation could begin with SSL3 inhibition of αSyn recognition or A46R disturbance of the MyD88-TIR interface (Node A; Figure 1). Tollip, A52 and SOCS1 could be manipulated to inhibit signaling at the IRAK complex (Node B; Figure 1). TRAF6 inhibition could be achieved by interference with Trim13 or positive modulation of SOCS1, MST4, thymosin β4, cereblon, A52R, A20, and CYLD (Node C; Figure 1). Lastly NLRC5 and N1L could be positively upregulated to inhibit the IKKs (Node D; Figure 1). The modes of action for K1L and AMWAP are not established, but these two proteins along with upregulation of the transcription factor Nrf2 are also potential targets for TLR2/1 modulation.