FIGURE 2.

Quercetin increases respiration and the abundance of respiratory supercomplexes in the P. anserina WT. (A) Complex I-dependent oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of mitochondria from WT cultures treated with quercetin (Quer, n = 4 biological replicates, each with four to seven technical replicates) compared to mitochondria from cultures treated with DMSO (Con; n = 4 biological replicates, each with three to five technical replicates). State 4 OCR of DMSO-treated mitochondria is set to 100%. (B) Representative BN-PAGE analysis of isolated mitochondria from WT cultures treated with quercetin (Quer) compared to DMSO (Con)-treated cultures (n = 3 biological replicates for each treatment). The CI₁CIII₂CIV_0-2 (S_0-2) supercomplexes, dimeric complexes III and V (III₂ and V₂) as well as monomeric complexes I₁, IV₁, and V₁ were visualized by Coomassie staining. (C) Densitometric quantification of relative protein levels of ETC complexes and supercomplexes in mitochondrial extracts from quercetin-treated cultures compared to DMSO-treated cultures. Optical densities of the different complexes were normalized to the total Coomassie staining of the corresponding lane. The mean abundance in the DMSO control was set to 1. Error bars correspond to standard deviation. The P-values were determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test. ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01, ^∗∗∗P < 0.001.