Table 4.
Means and standard deviations of perceived impacts of health app use on increased health knowledge and improved health condition management, and demographic correlates (N=633). N/A: not applicable; OR: odds ratio.
| Demographic characteristics | Health knowledge | Health condition management | |||||
|
|
Mean (SD) | OR (95% CI) | P | Mean (SD) | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male | 4.11 (1.51) | 1 |
|
4.03 (1.55) | 1 |
|
|
|
Female | 3.97 (1.55) | 0.81 (0.59-1.13) | .22 | 4.02 (1.54) | 1.08 (0.78-1.49) | .64 |
| Age (years) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18-29 | 3.93 (1.29) | 1 |
|
3.91 (1.45) | 1 |
|
|
|
30-44 | 4.07 (1.48) | 1.07 (0.67-1.70) | .79 | 4.12 (1.40) | 1.16 (0.73-1.84) | .53 |
|
|
45-59 | 4.03 (1.55) | 1.09 (0.66-1.80) | .74 | 4.10 (1.57) | 1.33 (0.80-2.20) | .27 |
|
|
≥60 | 4.15 (1.76) | 1.51 (0.77-2.97) | .23 | 3.99 (1.75) | 1.34 (0.69-2.60) | .39 |
| Self-rated social class |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lower | 3.89 (1.56) | 1 |
|
3.80 (1.57) | 1 |
|
|
|
Middle | 4.10 (1.50) | 1.11 (0.79-1.57) | .55 | 4.13 (1.51) | 1.22 (0.86-1.73) | .27 |
|
|
Upper | 4.36 (1.49) | 1.62 (0.60-4.34) | .34 | 4.38 (1.64) | 1.72 (0.60-4.94) | .32 |
| Education level |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No schooling completed | 4.00 (1.41) | 1 |
|
4.00 (0.93) | 1 |
|
|
|
Some primary school | 3.88 (1.94) | 1.34 (0.21-8.62) | .76 | 3.47 (1.94) | 0.42 (0.07-2.47) | .33 |
|
|
Completed primary school | 4.26 (1.66) | 2.99 (0.55-16.37) | .21 | 3.76 (1.78) | 0.83 (0.17-4.17) | .82 |
|
|
Some secondary school | 4.08 (1.62) | 2.36 (0.46-12.28) | .31 | 4.38 (1.67) | 1.86 (0.39-8.89) | .44 |
|
|
Completed secondary school | 3.85 (1.60) | 1.58 (0.32-7.80) | .57 | 3.89 (1.62) | 0.85 (0.19-3.83) | .83 |
|
|
Diploma, advanced diploma, associate degree or equivalent |
4.02 (1.36) | 2.11 (0.41-10.82) | .37 | 3.86 (1.50) | 0.87 (0.18-4.07) | .86 |
|
|
Bachelor’s degree | 4.12 (1.38) | 2.16 (0.42-11.00) | .35 | 4.12 (1.24) | 0.94 (0.20-4.38) | .94 |
|
|
Master’s degree | 4.29 (1.52) | 2.65 (0.50-13.89) | .25 | 4.26 (1.68) | 1.03 (0.21-5.01) | .97 |
|
|
Doctoral degree | 3.72 (1.52) | 1.09 (0.17-6.95) | .93 | 4.42 (1.39) | 1.15 (0.20-6.66) | .88 |
|
|
Other | 7.00 (0) | N/A | N/A | 5.00 (0) | 2.15 (0.08-59.35) | .65 |
| Occupation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Service | 3.68 (1.43) | 1 |
|
3.79 (1.53) | 1 |
|
|
|
Sales | 3.21 (1.28) | 0.65 (0.27-1.57) | .34 | 3.30 (1.45) | 0.74 (0.31-1.81) | .51 |
|
|
Catering | 4.30 (1.35) | 2.31 (0.67-7.96) | .19 | 4.50 (1.20) | 2.68 (0.79-9.09) | .11 |
|
|
Finance | 4.30 (1.54) | 1.90 (0.90-4.01) | .09 | 4.28 (1.28) | 2.03 (0.97-4.26) | .06 |
|
|
Engineering | 4.30 (1.24) | 1.88 (0.96-3.68) | .07 | 4.08 (1.44) | 1.38 (0.70-2.70) | .35 |
|
|
Art | 3.75 (0.83) | 0.99 (0.19-5.08) | .99 | 4.75 (0.83) | 3.40 (0.64-18.10) | .15 |
|
|
Education/culture/academia | 4.27 (1.53) | 2.31 (1.16-4.59) | .02 | 4.42 (1.43) | 2.18 (1.10-4.34) | .03 |
|
|
Administration/professional | 3.71 (1.47) | 1.00 (0.46-2.14) | .99 | 4.17 (1.48) | 1.58 (0.74-3.40) | .24 |
|
|
Office/white-collar worker | 4.12 (1.30) | 1.96 (0.88-4.36) | >.99 | 3.89 (1.28) | 1.43 (0.66-3.11) | .37 |
|
|
Disciplinary forces | 4.86 (1.46) | 5.07 (1.25-20.62) | .02 | 4.29 (1.48) | 1.80 (0.45-7.23) | .41 |
|
|
Student | 3.88 (1.23) | 1.37 (0.68-2.72) | .38 | 3.98 (1.31) | 1.54 (0.76-3.10) | .23 |
|
|
Housewife/househusband | 4.12 (1.65) | 1.91 (0.90-4.05) | .09 | 3.95 (1.84) | 1.23 (0.57-2.64) | .60 |
|
|
Unemployed/awaiting job assignment |
4.00 (1.66) | 1.58 (0.60-4.21) | .36 | 3.56 (1.62) | 0.81 (0.30-2.19) | .68 |
|
|
Retiree | 4.11 (1.77) | 1.28 (0.65-2.52) | .48 | 3.95 (1.77) | 1.11 (0.57-2.19) | .76 |
|
|
Other | 4.38 (1.47) | 2.21 (0.94-5.17) | .07 | 4.46 (1.35) | 2.50 (1.07-5.82) | .03 |