Table 3.
Relationship of spontaneous and 3-months treatment induced motor syndromes adjusted by duration of untreated psychosis and Premorbid adjustments in Black Africans with first-episode schizophrenia.
| Spontaneous motor syndromes | 3-months treatment-emergent Extrapyramidal signs (Pearson coefficients/βeta for linear regression)a | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of untreated Psychosis <12 months | Duration of untreated Psychosis ≥12 months | |||||||||
| Neurological soft signs | Parkinsonism | Akathisia | Dyskinesia | Dystonia | Overall | Parkinsonism | Akathisia | Dyskinesia | Dystonia | Overall |
| Sensory integration | 0.11 | 0.62 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.07 | b | 0.37 | 0.05 |
| Motor coordination | 0.35 | 0.58 | 0.00 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.26 | 0.11 | b | 0.18 | 0.28 |
| Motor sequencing | 0.41 | 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.93 | 0.40 | 0.28 | 0.18 | b | 0.33 | 0.30 |
| Total NES | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.73 | 0.97 | 0.39 | 0.13 | 0.06 | b | 0.26 | 0.16 |
| EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SIGNS | ||||||||||
| Parkinsonism | b | 0.29 | 0.50 | 0.27 | b | b | 0.75*/0.85* | b | 0.10 | b |
| Akathisia | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | 0.61 | b |
| Dyskinesia | b | b | b | b | b | b | 0.75*/1.70* | b | b | b |
| Dystonia | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b |
| Overall | b | 0.29 | 0.50 | 0.27 | b | b | 0.75*/0.57* | b | 0.00 | b |
| Good premorbid adjustment | Poor premorbid adjustment | |||||||||
| Sensory integration | 0.21 | 0.08 | b | 0.80 | 0.23 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0.80 | 0.02 |
| Motor coordination | 0.24 | 0.23 | b | 0.94 | 0.23 | 0.26 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.29 |
| Motor sequencing | 0.37 | 0.14 | b | 0.99*/1.89* | 0.33 | 0.15 | 0.39 | 0.03 | 0.82 | 0.17 |
| Total NES | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.90 | 0.23 | 0.07 | 0.24 | 0.09 | 0.74 | 0.09 |
| EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SIGNS | ||||||||||
| Parkinsonism | b | 0.34 | b | 0.08 | b | b | 0.15 | 0.61 | 0.24 | b |
| Akathisia | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | 0.58 | b |
| Dyskinesia | b | 0.56 | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b |
| Dystonia | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b |
| Overall | b | 0.42 | b | 0.08 | b | b | 0.15 | 0.61 | 0.11 | b |
1. Participants have poor premorbid adjustment when their score on the premorbid adjustment scale is less than the mean score for the entire sample, 2. Participants were considered as having definite EPS in this study when they have a rating of ≥2 on the ESRS (suggesting definite EPS), 3. Percentages are based on the number entire sample (N = 99),
Participants who record definite EPS for the first time after exposure to flupenthixol decanoate,
Participants with treatment emergent EPS but who had a score of zero on the ESRS before exposure to flupenthixol decanoate,
p < 0.05.