Table 1.
Total, sex, and age group-specific consumption of macronutrients and fiber in the study participants of the Mediterranean healthy eating, ageing, and lifestyle (MEAL) study (n = 1838). * denotes p < 0.05.
| Total | <20 years | 20 < years < 50 | 50 < years < 70 | >70 years | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean (SE) | Median (Range) | n | Mean (SE) | Median (Range) | n | Mean (SE) | Median (Range) | n | Mean (SE) | Median (Range) | n | Mean (SE) | Median (Range) | |
| Total Energy | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 1838 | 2022.80 (15.30) | 1927.63 (1000.80, 4974.01) | 53 | 2037.36 (79.24) | 1986.05 (1025.75, 3728.68) | 963 | 2027.51 (21.91) | 1930.64 (1000.80, 4865.38) | 597 | 2038.93 (27.00) | 1920.70 (1015.33, 4974.01) | 225 | 1956.43 (36.66) | 1923.88 (1010.31, 3379.32) |
| Men | 772 | 2054.16 (25.38) | 1939.18 (1012.84, 4974.01) | 30 | 2101.73 (111.24) | 2048.38 (1025.75, 3728.68) | 384 | 2047.09 (37.99) | 1907.56 (1012.84, 4865.38) | 265 | 2076.45 (43.57) | 1938.57 (1015.33, 4974.01) | 93 | 2004.48 (56.27) | 2025.94 (1019.88, 3334.93) |
| Women | 1066 | 2000.09 (18.90) | 1915.60 (1000.80, 3915.46) | 23 | 1953.41 (111.15) | 1873.20 (1133.85, 3547.77) | 579 | 2014.52 (26.35) | 1942.98 (1000.80, 3915,46) | 332 | 2008.99 (33.84) | 1902.58 (1016.84, 3911.26) | 132 | 1922.58 (48.27) | 1887.88 (1010.31, 3379.32) |
| Saturated fat | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 1838 | 23.58 (0.23) | 22.17 (6.49, 80.45) | 53 | 25.55 (1.29) | 26.51 (11.85, 55.77) | 963 | 23.71 (0.33) | 22.11 (6.49, 80.45) | 597 | 23.52 (0.41) | 21.88 (6.91, 74.26) | 225 | 22.69 (0.55) | 22.87 (6.60, 45.05) |
| Men | 772 | 23.86 (0.38) | 22.09 (6.60, 80.45) | 30 | 27.89 (1.80) | 26.80 (14.82, 55.77) | 384 | 23.45 (0.55) | 20.88 (8.61, 80.45) | 265 | 24.04 (0.64) | 22.20 (9.47, 74.26) | 93 | 23.75 (0.88) | 24.47 (6.60, 44.82) |
| Women | 1066 | 23.37 (0.29) | 22.33 (6.49, 62.82) | 23 | 22.50 (1.64) | 21.09 (11.85, 34.77) | 579 | 23.88 (0.40) | 23.00 (6.49, 62.82) | 332 | 23.11 (0.52) | 21.46 (6.91, 61.79) | 132 | 21.94 (0.69) | 21.65 (6.97, 45.05) |
| Monounsaturated fat | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 1838 | 25.30 (0.21) | 24.13 (7.29, 93.85) | 53 | 27.41 (1.23) | 25.73 (13.19, 63.32) | 963 | 25.39 (0.29) | 24.04 (7.29, 80.32) | 597 | 25.28 (0.38) | 23.99 (11.01, 93.85) | 225 | 24.48 (0.49) | 24.07 (7.61, 47.14) |
| Men | 772 | 25.62 (0.36) | 23.94 (7.61, 93.85) | 30 | 29.12 (1.83) | 26.56 (15.20, 63.32) | 384 | 25.12 (0.51) | 23.19 (11.71, 80.32) | 265 | 25.98 (0.66) | 24.26 (11.77, 93.85) | 93 | 25.56 (0.80) | 26.43 (7.61, 47.14) |
| Women | 1066 | 25.07 (0.25) | 24.19 (7.29, 62.38) | 23 | 25.18 (1.45) | 24.10 (13.19, 41.50) | 579 | 25.57 (0.35) | 24.74 (7.29, 62.38) | 332 | 24.72 (0.43) | 23.67 (11.01, 55.05) | 132 | 23.71 (0.60) | 23.04 (11.03, 44.77) |
| Total omega-6 fatty acids | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 1838 | 9.92 (0.10) | 9.21 (3.08, 55.51) | 53 | 10.33 (0.61) | 8.94 (3.36, 27.60) | 963 | 9.97 (0.14) | 9.21 (3.08, 30.64) | 597 | 10.03 (0.19) | 9.22 (3.29, 55.51) | 225 | 9.29 (0.21) | 9.13 (3.64, 20.44) |
| Men | 772 | 9.99 (0.16) | 9.09 (3.08, 55.51) | 30 | 10.49 (0.86) | 9.43 (3.36, 27.60) | 384 | 9.93 (0.23) | 8.96 (3.08, 29.06) | 265 | 10.19 (0.31) | 9.18 (3.29, 55.51) | 93 | 9.54 (0.30) | 9.43 (4.01, 16.09) |
| Women | 1066 | 9.87 (0.12) | 9.27 (3.61, 32.07) | 23 | 10.11 (0.89) | 8.92 (4.89, 23.60) | 579 | 10.00 (0.17) | 9.37 (3.61, 30.64) | 332 | 9.91 (0.23) | 9.24 (3.69, 32.07) | 132 | 9.12 (0.29) | 9.03 (3.64, 20.44) |
| Seafood omega-3 fat | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 1838 | 0.53 (0.01) | 0.38 (0.00, 5.24) | 53 | 0.55 (0.05) | 0.42 (0.00, 1.56) | 963 | 0.52 (0.02) | 0.36 (0.00, 5.24) | 597 | 0.56 (0.02) | 0.41 (0.01, 5.06) | 225 | 0.53 (0.03) | 0.43 (0.03, 3.26) |
| Men | 772 | 0.53 (0.02) | 0.38 (0.00, 5.24) | 30 | 0.49 (0.07) | 0.36 (0.00, 1.34) | 384 | 0.50 (0.03) | 0.34 (0.00, 5.24) | 265 | 0.58 (0.04) | 0.44 (0.05, 5.06) | 93 | 0.56 (0.06) | 0.42 (0.05, 3.26) |
| Women | 1066 | 0.53 (0.02) | 0.39 (0.00, 3.97) | 23 | 0.63 (0.08) | 0.56 (0.17, 1.56) | 579 | 0.53 (0.02) | 0.38 (0.00, 3.97) | 332 | 0.54 (0.03) | 0.38 (0.01, 3.05) | 132 | 0.51 (0.04) | 0.43 (0.03, 2.98) |
| Plant omega-3 fat | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 1838 | 1.17 (0.01) | 1.06 (0.39, 5.66) | 53 | 1.23 (0.08) | 1.08 (0.51, 3.78) | 963 | 1.17 (0.02) | 1.06 (0.41, 5.51) | 597 | 1.20 (0.02) | 1.06 (0.42, 5.66) | 225 | 1.10 (0.03) | 1.05 (0.39, 2.79) |
| Men | 772 | 1.17 (0.02) | 1.06 (0.41, 4.48) | 30 | 1.25 (0.11) | 1.09 (0.60, 3.78) | 384 | 1.17 (0.03) | 1.02 (0.41, 3.93) | 265 | 1.18 (0.03) | 1.07 (0.46, 4.48) | 93 | 1.14 (0.04) | 1.13 (0.46, 2.32) |
| Women | 1066 | 1.18 (0.02) | 1.06 (0.39, 5.66) | 23 | 1.20 (0.12) | 0.90 (0.51, 2.82) | 579 | 1.18 (0.02) | 1.09 (0.42, 5.51) | 332 | 1.21 (0.03) | 1.05 (0.42, 5.66) | 132 | 1.08 (0.04) | 1.02 (0.39, 2.79) |
| Trans fatty acid | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 1838 | 32.31 (0.28) | 30.83 (10.30, 135.12) | 53 | 34.60 (1.69) | 31.68 (16.68, 84.81) | 963 | 32.38 (0.39) | 30.82 (10.30, 100.42) | 597 | 32.46 (0.50) | 31.02 (12.26, 135.12) | 225 | 31.09 (0.62) | 30.07 (10.99, 59.82) |
| Men | 772 | 32.63 (0.47) | 30.63 (10.99, 135.12) | 30 | 36.18 (2.50) | 32.79 (17.03, 84.81) | 384 | 32.05 (0.66) | 29.66 (11.97, 100.42) | 265 | 33.19 (0.88) | 31.42 (12.26, 135.12) | 93 | 32.26 (1.00) | 32.83 (10.99, 59.82) |
| Women | 1066 | 32.08 (0.33) | 30.87 (10.30, 84.75) | 23 | 32.55 (2.12) | 30.14 (16.68, 59.93) | 579 | 32.60 (0.47) | 31.38 (10.30, 84.75) | 332 | 31.88 (0.58) | 30.35 (14.88, 68.99) | 132 | 30.28 (0.78) | 29.62 (13.84, 55.51) |
| Dietary cholesterol | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 1838 | 187.55 (1.93) | 175.00 (17.29, 921.07) | 53 | 198.15 (9.17) | 191.00 (87.71, 371.79) | 963 | 187.15 (2.74) | 173.89 (17.29, 921.07) | 597 | 188.24 (3.44) | 172.62 (59.94, 876.81) | 225 | 184.84 (4.92) | 180.36 (42.92, 521.31) |
| Men | 772 | 191.35 (3.22) | 174.09 (42.92, 921.07) | 30 | 206.26 (12.70) | 206.42 (102.85, 371.79) | 384 | 186.61 (4.64) | 164.24 (56.99, 921.07) | 265 | 195.15 (5.78) | 176.70 (63.53, 876.81) | 93 | 195.29 (7.83) | 189.94 (42.92, 521.31) |
| Women | 1066 | 184.80 (2.37) | 176.30 (17.29, 594.94) | 23 | 187.57 (13.09) | 177.00 (87.71, 333.42) | 579 | 187.51 (3.35) | 181.67 (17.29, 594.94) | 332 | 182.73 (4.10) | 164.69 (59.94, 487.38) | 132 | 177.65 (6.26) | 169.40 (56.35, 475.25) |
| Total protein | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 1838 | 83.98 (0.66) | 80.02 (29.27, 332.66) | 53 | 86.24 (3.14) | 83.52 (33.65, 138.33) | 963 | 84.27 (0.96) | 79.31 (29.27, 332.66) | 597 | 83.89 (1.14) | 80.18 (29.35, 303.04) | 225 | 82.41 (1.63) | 80.23 (29.35, 185.58) |
| Men | 772 | 85.22 (1.11) | 79.67 (33.65, 332.66) | 30 | 88.27 (4.03) | 89.30 (33.65, 137.17) | 384 | 85.01 (1.63) | 79.21 (43.56, 332.66) | 265 | 85.59 (1.96) | 79.54 (37.92, 303.04) | 93 | 84.07 (2.56) | 80.73 (39.51, 185.58) |
| Women | 1066 | 83.07 (0.81) | 80.23 (29.27, 215.96) | 23 | 83.59 (5.01) | 78.86 (50.69, 138.33) | 579 | 83.78 (1.17) | 80.38 (29.27, 215.96) | 332 | 82.53 (1.32) | 80.24 (29.35, 185.93) | 132 | 81.25 (2.12) | 79.47 (29.35, 156.18) |
| Animal protein | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 1838 | 25.65 (0.44) | 22.75 (0.00, 449.25) | 53 | 30.68 (1.83) | 30.97 (6.63, 68.99) | 963 | 26.03 (0.68) | 23.08 (0.00, 449.25) | 597 | 25.73 (0.74) | 22.63 (0.00, 238.85) | 225 | 22.67 (0.77) * | 18.98 (3.05, 61.61) |
| Men | 772 | 26.46 (0.67) | 23.07 (0.00, 238.85) | 30 | 31.26 (2.85) | 29.70 (6.63, 68.99) | 384 | 26.88 (0.91) | 23.55 (0.00, 161.09) | 265 | 26.46 (1.32) | 23.20 (0.00, 238.85) | 93 | 23.13 (1.09) | 20.69 (6.23, 54.31) |
| Women | 1066 | 25.07 (0.59) | 22.38 (0.00, 449.25) | 23 | 29.93 (2.08) | 31.34 (7.14, 47.55) | 579 | 25.46 (0.95) | 22.91 (0.00, 449.25) | 332 | 25.15 (0.81) | 22.19 (5.25, 148.42) | 132 | 22.35 (1.07) | 18.71 (3.05, 61.61) |
| Dairy protein | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 1838 | 14.01 (0.21) | 12.24 (0.00, 67.63) | 53 | 14.84 (1.02) | 12.69 (0.00, 28.48) | 963 | 14.19 (0.30) | 11.78 (0.00, 67.63) | 597 | 13.75 (0.34) | 12.85 (0.00, 52.81) | 225 | 13.69 (0.53) | 13.09 (0.00, 50.39) |
| Men | 772 | 13.59 (0.32) | 11.60 (0.00, 67.63) | 30 | 13.69 (1.55) | 11.91 (0.00, 28.48) | 384 | 13.70 (0.52) | 10.76 (0.00, 67.63) | 265 | 13.17 (0.48) | 13.08 (0.00, 44.02) | 93 | 14.28 (0.78) | 15.25 (0.00, 42.42) |
| Women | 1066 | 14.31 (0.27) | 12.71 (0.00, 54.33) | 23 | 16.35 (1.17) | 15.53 (8.52, 27.50) | 579 | 14.52 (0.37) | 12.77 (0.00, 54.33) | 332 | 14.21 (0.47) | 12.39 (0.00, 52.81) | 132 | 13.27 (0.72) | 12.04 (0.00, 50.39) |
| Plant protein | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 1838 | 44.71 (0.41,) | 41.90 (6.90, 178.86) | 53 | 44.13 (1.89) | 43.91 (6.90, 86.56) | 963 | 45.11 (0.61) | 41.92 (13.67, 178.86) | 597 | 44.69 (0.70) | 41.88 (11.96, 140.10) | 225 | 43.16 (0.99) | 40.57 (15.11, 83.01) |
| Men | 772 | 45.35 (0.67) | 42.14 (6.90, 178.86) | 30 | 44.75 (2.53) | 45.04 (6.90, 70.78) | 384 | 45.93 (1.02) | 42.46 (13.67, 178.86) | 265 | 45.19 (1.11) | 41.79 (16.35, 140.10) | 93 | 43.64 (1.55) | 40.55 (17.71, 82.61) |
| Women | 1066 | 44.24 (0.52) | 41.80 (11.96, 117.03) | 23 | 43.32 (2.91) | 40.89 (25.91, 86.56) | 579 | 44.57 (0.74) | 41.69 (16.36, 117.03) | 332 | 44.29 (0.89) | 42.31 (11.96, 100.77) | 132 | 42.82 (1.30) | 40.62 (15.11, 83.01) |
| Total carbohydrates | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 1838 | 296.02 (2.56) | 274.18 (100.18, 897.76) | 53 | 289.04 (13.47) | 275.29 (119.11, 590.50) | 963 | 296.17 (3.69) | 271.23 (109.87, 897.76) | 597 | 300.52 (4.44) | 278.50 (100.18, 673.97) | 225 | 285.14 (6.31) | 268.17 (114.52, 560.82) |
| Men | 772 | 300.69 (4.13) | 278.62 (109.87, 897.76) | 30 | 290.46 (17.43) | 275.52 (119.11, 482.17) | 384 | 302.36 (6.33) | 276.32 (109.87, 897.76) | 265 | 303.96 (6.78) | 286.63 (126.94, 673.97) | 93 | 287.83 (9.23) | 269.57 (132.74, 504.86) |
| Women | 1066 | 292.64 (3.25) | 270.39 (100.18, 670.72) | 23 | 287.19 (21.57) | 270.44 (137.86, 590.50) | 579 | 292.06 (4.47) | 270.50 (112.30, 670.72) | 332 | 297.77 (5.86) | 272.22 (100.18, 608.56) | 132 | 283.24 (8.60) | 265.18 (114.52, 560.82) |
| Fiber | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 1838 | 31.69 (0.33) | 29.30 (2.81, 150.50) | 53 | 29.77 (1.55) | 27.98 (2.81, 57.65) | 963 | 31.81 (0.50) | 29.11 (6.63, 150.50) | 597 | 32.09 (0.54) | 30.43 (5.46, 100.03) | 225 | 30.53 (0.79) | 29.26 (8.31, 81.77) |
| Men | 772 | 32.25 (0.54) | 29.52 (2.81, 150.50) | 30 | 30.87 (2.18) | 28.23 (2.81, 57.65) | 384 | 32.23 (0.86) | 28.34 (9.48, 150.50) | 265 | 32.65 (0.86) | 30.39 (8.83, 100.03) | 93 | 31.65 (1.14) | 30.36 (11.01, 57.97) |
| Women | 1066 | 31.28 (0.42) | 29.23 (5.46, 85.11) | 23 | 28.34 (2.17) | 26.42 (12.77, 56.68) | 579 | 31.54 (0.60) | 29.28 (6.63, 85.11) | 332 | 31.63 (0.68) | 30.46 (5.46, 78.36) | 132 | 29.73 (1.08) | 27.75 (8.31, 81.77) |