Table 1.
Characteristics among a sample from Colombia (mean (standard deviation (SD)) or frequency (%)).
| Characteristic | Children 9–12 Years (n = 1047) | Adolescents 13–17 Years (n = 1830) | Young Adults 18–25 Years (n = 1796) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girls (n = 582) | Boys (n = 465) | p-Value | Girls (n = 986) | Boys (n = 844) | p-Value | Women (n = 1104) | Men (n = 692) | p-Value | |
| Anthropometric variable | |||||||||
| Age (years) | 10.8 (1.1) | 10.7 (1.1) | 0.104 | 14.6 (1.3) | 14.7 (1.3) | 0.077 | 21.9 (1.9) | 22.6 (1.2) | 0.624 |
| Weight (kg) | 38.2 (8.8) | 37.6 (9.6) | 0.353 | 50.9 (8.6) | 53.0 (10.4) | <0.001 | 58.7 (10.3) | 68.9 (12.1) | <0.001 |
| Height (m) | 1.43 (0.09) | 1.42 (0.10) | 0.526 | 1.55 (0.06) | 1.63 (0.10) | <0.001 | 1.59 (0.05) | 1.72 (0.06) | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 60.1 (7.1) | 62.2 (7.7) | <0.001 | 65.9 (6.8) | 67.5 (6.8) | <0.001 | 71.5 (8.0) | 78.2 (8.0) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18.5 (2.8) | 18.4 (3.0) | 0.312 | 21.0 (3.0) | 19.9 (2.8) | <0.001 | 23.2 (3.7) | 23.1 (3.6) | 0.810 |
| BMI z | 0.91 (0.4) | 1.12 (0.7) | <0.001 | 0.51 (0.5) | 0.39 (0.3) | <0.001 | - | - | - |
| Overweight by BMI/z-BMI n (%) * | 141 (24.4) | 78 (16.9) | 0.001 | 221 (22.5) | 82 (9.8) | 0.001 | 236 (21.4) | 144 (20.8) | 0.724 |
| Obesity by BMI/z-BMI n (%) * | 51 (8.8) | 47 (10.2) | 0.001 | 43 (4.4) | 23 (2.7) | 0,001 | 61 (5.5) | 33 (4.8) | 0.722 |
| TMI (kg/m3) | 13.0 (1.9) | 12.9 (1.9) | 0.447 | 13.6 (1.9) | 12.2 (1.7) | <0.001 | 14.6 (2.4) | 13.4 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| Body fat (%) | 23.6 (5.8) | 19.3 (6.5) | <0.001 | 25.7 (6.0) | 15.1 (5.9) | <0.001 | 27.0 (7.2) | 15.6 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| FMI (fat mass)/height3) | 3.2 (1.2) | 2.6 (1.3) | <0.001 | 3.6 (1.3) | 1.9 (1.1) | <0.001 | 4.0 (1.7) | 2.2 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure | |||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 109.6 (13.8) | 111.0 (13.7) | 0.113 | 110.6 (11.5) | 114.4 (14.0) | <0.001 | 111.2 (11.1) | 120.2 (12.9) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 67.1 (8.6) | 66.6 (8.9) | 0389 | 69.4 (8.6) | 68.9 (9.4) | 0.288 | 71.7 (9.3) | 74.1 (11.4) | <0.001 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 81.2 (8.7) | 81.4 (8.9) | 0.797 | 83.1 (8.2) | 84.0 (9.4) | 0.020 | 91.5 (8.9) | 97.2 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| Metabolic biomarkers | |||||||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 151.3 (29.3) | 152.1 (30.3) | 0.656 | 148.3 (31.3) | 132.9 (30.3) | <0.001 | 146.3 (33.3) | 132.7 (30.2) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 96.0 (60.4) | 86.8 (44.7) | 0.006 | 96.7 (50.2) | 84.4 (35.8) | <0.001 | 88.5 (45.3) | 93.7 (48.5) | 0.020 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 86.0 (26.6) | 86.6 (30.0) | 0.756 | 84.6 (29.4) | 78.6 (35.9) | <0.001 | 87.9 (26.1) | 81.0 (26.0) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 48.4 (13.0) | 51.5 (13.1) | <0.001 | 46.9 (11.7) | 44.4 (11.2) | <0.001 | 43.9 (12.8) | 39.5 (10.6) | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 83.3 (15.0) | 85.3 (16.2) | 0.038 | 80.5 (16.1) | 82.3 (15.5) | 0.015 | 86.0 (11.5) | 85.5 (11.7) | <0.001 |
| MetS score | -0.12 (0.13) | -0.14 (0.12) | 0.008 | -0.13 (0.11) | -0.14 (0.09) | 0.077 | −3.94 (2.66) | −3.90 (2.78) | 0.501 |
| Metabolic Syndrome n (%) * | |||||||||
| Yes | 85 (14.6) | 60 (12.9) | 0.428 | 80 (8.1) | 56 (6.5) | 0.229 | 82 (7.4) | 166 (9.2) | 0.001 |
Continuous variables are reported as mean values (standard deviations (SDs)) and categorical variables are reported as numbers and percentages in brackets. Significant between-sex differences (t-tests or * chi-square test χ2). WC: waist circumference; BMI: body mass index; TMI: tri-ponderal mass index, FMI: fat mass index; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.