Table 1.

Risk of bias analysis classified as low, moderate or high grouped according to patient cohort of specific disease state.

	Study	Study Participation and Sample Size	Risk Factor Measure	Outcome Measure	Statistical Analyses and Reporting	Confounding	Overall Risk of Bias
Athero	[21]	High	Low	Low	Moderate	High	High
	[23]	Low	Low	Low	High	High	High
	[24]	Low	Low	Low	low	Low	Low
	[18]	High	Low	Low	High	High	High
	[25]	Low	Low	Low	low	Moderate	Moderate
	[22]	Moderate	Low	Low	High	High	High
CKD	[26]	High	Low	Low	High	High	High
	[27]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
	[28]	Low	Low	Low	High	High	High
	[29]	High	Low	Low	High	High	High
	[30]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
	[16]	Low	Low	Low	low	Low	Low
	[15]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
	[31]	High	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
	[32]	Low	Low	Low	High	High	High
	[33]	High	Low	Low	High	High	High
VKA	[34]	High	Moderate	Low	Low	Low	Moderate
Diabetes	[12]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
	[13]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Healthy	[35]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
	[36]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
	[37]	High	Moderate	Low	Low	Low	Moderate
	[38]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
VK sup	[39]	Low	Low	Low	High	High	High
	[40]	Low	Low	Low	High	High	High
	[41]	Low	Low	Low	High	High	High
	[42]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
	[43]	Low	Low	Low	High	High	High

Athero = atherosclerosis; CKD = chronic kidney disease; VKA; vitamin K Antagonist; and VK supp = vitamin K supplementation. A study was considered to be low risk of bias when the risk of bias was rated low on at least three of the five domains and was rated low for study confounding.