Table 1.

EPA and DHA worldwide recommendations for pregnant and lactating women.

Source	Note
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO; 2010) [30]	300 mg per day EPA + DHA, of which 200 mg per day DHA
World Association of Perinatal Medicine (WAPM, 2008) [31]	200 mg per day DHA
Koletzko et al., Consensus recommendation on behalf of the European Commission research projects Perinatal Lipid Metabolism (PeriLip) and International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) 2007 [32]	200 mg per day DHA; aiming to consume 1–2 portions of sea fish per week, including oily fish
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2010 [33]	An additional 100–200 mg per day DHA beyond 250 mg per day EPA + DHA
Simopoulos et al., 1999; Workshop sponsored by NIH and ISSFAL [34]	300 mg per day DHA
Analysis of the balancing of benefits and risks of seafood consumption. In: Nesheim MC Yaktine AL, eds. Seafood choices: balancing benefits and risks. Washington, DC:, National Academies Press, 2007 [35]	Two 3 oz. (cooked) servings of higher EPA- and DHA-containing seafood per week
Coletta, et al., 2010; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) adopted FDA advise for pregnant women (2010) as well as Koletzko (2007) recommendations [36]	340 g (two 6 oz. servings) seafood per week, providing approximately 200 mg per day DHA
March of Dimes (U.S. National Foundation; 2009) [37]	200 mg per day DHA
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Policy Statement—Breastfeeding and the use of human milk, 2012 [38]	200–300 mg per day DHA
Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), 2015–2020 [27]	8 oz. per week of a variety of seafood (approximately 250 mg per day of EPA and DHA)
FDA-EPA final fish consumption advice, 2017 [28]	2–3 servings (approximately 8–12 oz.) of fish from the “Best Choices” or 1 serving of fish from the “Good Choices” (approximately 4 oz.)