. 2018 Mar 28;10(4):416. doi: 10.3390/nu10040416

Table 5.

Mean usual daily intake of EPA and DHA from foods alone, and from foods and dietary supplements among childbearing-age women for a fully qualified sample 2001–2014 ^1.

	EPA Intake (mg)		DHA Intake (mg)		EPA + DHA Intake (mg)		% of Sample Not Meeting 250 mg/d ²
	Foods	Foods + Supplements	Foods	Foods + Supplements	Foods	Foods + Supplements	% of Sample Not Meeting 250 mg/d ²
All	18.5 ± 0.7	26.8 ± 1.4	55.0 ± 1.8	62.2 ± 1.9	72.6 ± 2.3	88.1 ± 3.0	95.87 (0.50)
Age (years)
15–30	16.9 ± 0.6 ^a	21.7 ± 1.2 ^a	48.8 ± 1.7 ^a	53.6 ± 1.9 ^a	65.5 ± 2.2 ^a	75.0 ± 2.8 ^a	97.42 (0.42) ^b
31–44	20.3 ± 0.9 ^b	32.8 ± 2.3 ^b	62.2 ± 2.6 ^b	72.2 ± 2.9 ^b	80.8 ± 3.2 ^b	103.5 ± 4.7 ^b	94.08 (0.73) ^a
Race
Non-Hispanic White	15.1 ± 0.9 ^a	25.0 ± 1.8 ^a,b	44.6 ± 2.4 ^a	52.9 ± 2.5 ^a	58.6 ± 3.0 ^a	76.7 ± 3.9 ^a	96.46 (0.46) ^b
Non-Hispanic Black	26.7 ± 1.8 ^b	29.5 ± 1.9 ^b	68.4 ± 4.0 ^b	71.4 ± 4.0 ^b	102.8 ± 6.3 ^b	108.2 ± 6.3 ^b	93.52 (1.31) ^a
Mexican Americans	18.2 ± 1.4 ^a	21.2 ± 1.4 ^a	62.2 ± 3.5 ^b	65.5 ± 3.6 ^b	80.2 ± 5.0 ^c	87.0 ± 5.0 ^a	97.35 (0.76) ^b
Education
Less than high school or equiv.	14.6 ± 0.9 ^a	18.6 ± 2.3 ^a	46.4 ± 2.5 ^a	49.8 ± 2.9 ^a	60.3 ± 3.2 ^a	67.8 ± 4.8 ^a	98.87 (0.45) ^c
High school/equiv. & college/AA	17.9 ± 0.9 ^b	24.8 ± 1.8 ^b	54.4 ± 2.3 ^b	59.9 ± 2.6 ^b	71.6 ± 3.1 ^b	84.3 ± 4.0 ^b	96.46 (0.66) ^b
College graduate & above	24.8 ± 2.0 ^c	40.8 ± 2.8 ^c	64.4 ± 4.7 ^c	78.9 ± 4.7 ^c	87.9 ± 6.2 ^c	118.2 ± 6.8 ^c	90.87 (1.18) ^a
Poverty income ratio
<1.35	16.0 ± 0.8 ^a	21.0 ± 1.5 ^a	49.3 ± 2.4 ^a	53.4 ± 2.6 ^a	64.4 ± 3.00 ^a	73.6 ± 3.7 ^a	98.01 (0.46) ^b
1.35–1.85	16.0 ± 1.6 ^a	24.1 ± 5.0 ^a,b	50.3 ± 4.7 ^a,b	56.7 ± 6.4 ^a,b	64.0 ± 5.8 ^a	78.5 ± 10.7 ^a,b	95.85 (1.19) ^a,b
>1.85	20.0 ± 1.1 ^b	30.7 ± 1.9 ^b	57.4 ± 2.9 ^b	66.6 ± 3.0 ^b	77.0 ± 3.8 ^b	96.7 ± 4.6 ^b	94.89 (0.76) ^a
Smoking status
Yes	13.1 ± 1.1 ^a	19.5 ±2.9 ^a	40.4 ± 2.9 ^a	45.5 ± 3.7 ^a	52.9 ± 3.8 ^a	64.6 ± 6.1 ^a	98.11 (0.61) ^b
No	19.9 ± 0.8 ^b	28.8 ± 1.5 ^b	58.7 ± 2.1 ^b	66.5 ± 2.1 ^b	77.6 ± 2.8 ^b	94.4 ± 3.3 ^b	95.27 (0.63) ^a

¹ Usual daily intake of EPA and DHA is presented as mean ± SEM. ^a,b,c Means in a column of each variable with superscripts without a common letter differ, p < 0.05. ² Percentage of population not meeting recommendation is presented as percent (S.E.). Percentage below recommendation refers to the percentage of childbearing-age and pregnant women who do not consume at least 250 mg EPA and DHA per day as recommended by Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2015–2020).