Table 7.

Change of EPA and DHA intakes (from foods and dietary supplements combined) over 14-year span ¹.

	Childbearing-Age Women		Pregnant Women
Variables	β (S.E.)	p-Value	β (S.E.)	p-Value
Cycle	3.5 (1.2)	0.005	7.6 (2.5)	0.002
Age (vs. 15–25 years of age)
26–44 years of age	11.5 (3.3)	<0.001	−6.2 (10.9)	0.574
PIR (vs. <1.35)
1.35–1.85	5.0 (8.2)	0.544	8.4 (9.0)	0.353
>1.85	6.0 (3.3)	0.066	20.7 (8.3)	0.014
Smoking (vs. No)
Yes	−4.4 (5.3)	0.411	−5.4 (5.3)	0.309
Race (vs. Non-Hispanic White)
Non-Hispanic Black	−12.0 (3.4)	0.001	−12.5 (5.4)	0.023
Mexican American	−11.0 (3.4)	0.002	1.4 (7.4)	0.847

¹ Model examines the change of mean EPA and DHA intakes over 14 years (2001–2014). The regression model was adjusted for survey socioeconomic status (PIR), age, smoking status, and race, whereas education was not included in the final model due to collinearity with PIR.