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. 2018 Mar 28;10(4):417. doi: 10.3390/nu10040417

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Percentage of global DNA methylation in the placentas from dams in the 1X and 4X choline groups. One placenta (either male or female) from each dam (n = 3 dams per treatment, per fetal sex) was used, and each placenta was considered to be a statistical unit in the statistical analysis. Data were first analyzed without stratification by fetal sex and then separately for each fetal sex using one-way ANOVA. Results are presented as means with 95% confidence intervals. * p ≤ 0.05. # p = 0.086.