Table 1.

Effects of additional dietary cholesterol from egg intake on serum lipids during weight maintenance: healthy and hyperlipidemic populations.

Study/Population	Design	# Days	LDL-C	HDL-C	LDL-C/HDL-C
Children
Ballesteros et al. 2004 [43]; Healthy boys and girls	Crossover (n = 54): 2 eggs per day (518 mg cholesterol) vs. egg substitute	30	Hyper-: +25% Hypo-: ↔	Hyper-: +10% Hypo-: ↔	↔
Adults
Herron et al. 2002 [44]; Healthy women	Crossover (n = 51): 3 eggs per day (640 mg cholesterol) vs. egg substitute	30	Hyper-: +20% Hypo-: ↔	Hyper-: +12% Hypo-: ↔	↔
Herron et al. 2003 [45]; Healthy men	Crossover (n = 40): 3 eggs per day (640 mg cholesterol) vs. egg substitute	30	Hyper-: +30% Hypo-: ↔	Hyper-: +8% Hypo-: ↔	Hyper-: + 22% Hypo-: ↔
Greene et al. 2005 [46]; Healthy older adults	Crossover (n = 42): 3 eggs per day (640 mg cholesterol) vs. egg substitute	30	Women: +10% Men: +2%	Women: +3% Men: +10%	↔
Knopp et al. 2003 [41]; Insulin-sensitive	Crossover (n = 65): 4 eggs per day (850 mg cholesterol) vs. egg substitute	28	+7%	+7%	ND *
Hyperlipidemic
Knopp et al. 1997 [49]; Hypercholesterolemic (HC) and combined hyperlipidemic (CHL) men/women	Parallel: 2 eggs per day (425 mg cholesterol) (HC: n = 44; CHL: n = 31) vs. egg substitute (HC: n = 35; CHL: n = 21)	84	HC: ↔ CHL: +8% from baseline	HC: +8% from baseline CHL: +7% from baseline	ND
Vishwanathan et al. 2009 [50]; Statin-taking older adults	Crossover (n = 52): 2 or 4 eggs per day (~400–800 mg cholesterol) vs. egg exclusion	35	2 eggs: ↔ 4 eggs: ↔	2 eggs: +5% 4 eggs: +5%	ND

* ND, not determined. HDL-C = HDL cholesterol; Hyper- = hyper-responders; Hypo- = hypo-responders; LDL-C = LDL cholesterol; # = number of days of intervention; ↔ = no change relative to control.