Table 4.

Direction of association between socioeconomic status and unhealthy, healthy and traditional DPs in children and adolescents by the study design and the level of human development.

Study Design/Level of Human Development	SES Indicator x Dietary Patterns	Total (Number of Times the Association Was Tested)	Direction of Association n (%)
			Positive	Inverse	No Association
Cohort/HHDC	Education x Unhealthy	11	0	7 (63.6)	4 (36.4)
	Education x Healthy	8	7 (87.5)	0	1 (12.5)
	Education x Traditional	0	0	0	0
	Income x Unhealthy	4	0	2 (50.0)	2 (50.0)
	Income x Healthy	4	1 (25.0)	0	3 (75.0)
	Income x Traditional	0	0	0	0
Cohort/MHDC	Education x Unhealthy	3	0	3 (100.0)	0
	Education x Healthy	1	1 (100.0)	0	0
	Education x Traditional	2	0	2 (100.0)	0
	Income x Unhealthy	0	0	0	0
	Income x Healthy	0	0	0	0
	Income x Traditional	0	0	0	0
Cross-sectional/HHDC	Education x Unhealthy	32	2 (9.3)	22 (68.8)	7 (21.9)
	Education x Healthy	22	12 (54.5)	0	10 (45.5)
	Education x Traditional	8	3 (37.5)	0	5 (62.5)
	Income x Unhealthy	15	1(6.6)	10 (66.7)	4 (26.7)
	Income x Healthy	14	6 (42.9)	0	8 (57.1)
	Income x Traditional	0	0	0	0
Cross-sectional/MHDC	Education x Unhealthy	27	8 (29.6)	8 (29.6)	11 (40.8)
	Education x Healthy	17	7 (41.2)	1 (5.9)	9 (52.9)
	Education x Traditional	12	4 (33.3)	0	8 (66.7)
	Income x Unhealthy	19	5 (26.3)	5 (26.3)	9 (47.4)
	Income x Healthy	12	3 (25.0)	0	9 (75.0)
	Income x Traditional	7	2 (28.6)	1 (14.3)	4 (57.1)
Cross-sectional/LHDC	Education x Unhealthy	1	0	1 (100.0)	0
	Education x Healthy	1	0	0	1 (100.0)
	Education x Traditional	0	0	0	0
	Income x Unhealthy	1	0	1 (100.0)	0
	Income x Healthy	1	0	0	1 (100.0)
	Income x Traditional	0	0	0	0