Table 3.
Cecal bacterial enzyme activity and their release rate into the intestinal environment in rats *.
| α-Glucosidase | α-Galactosidase | β-Galactosidase | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extracellular | Intracellular | Total | Release Rate | Extracellular | Intracellular | Total | Release Rate | Extracellular | Intracellular | Total | Release Rate | |
| µmol/h/g Digesta | % | µmol/h/g Digesta | % | µmol/h/g Digesta | % | |||||||
| Group (n = 8) | ||||||||||||
| C | 10.6 | 2.40 | 13.0 | 81.8 | 9.79 a | 2.68 | 12.5 | 78.6 | 28.5 a | 9.81 a | 38.3 a | 75.3 b |
| F | 6.91 | 0.65 | 7.56 | 91.6 | 6.18 b | 1.03 | 7.21 | 85.4 | 17.5 b,c | 1.46 c | 18.9 c | 92.1 a |
| C + ME | 9.48 | 2.87 | 12.4 | 76.7 | 8.95 a | 3.81 | 12.8 | 71.8 | 26.1 a | 12.1 a | 38.2 a | 68.5 c |
| F + ME | 6.49 | 0.75 | 7.14 | 90.4 | 5.96 b | 2.52 | 8.48 | 71.8 | 20.5 b | 6.09 b | 26.6 b | 77.5 b |
| C + DE | 7.55 | 2.44 | 9.99 | 75.7 | 6.08 b | 2.63 | 8.71 | 69.8 | 14.2 c | 2.24 c | 16.4 c | 85.9 a |
| F + DE | 5.95 | 0.45 | 6.40 | 92.8 | 5.64 b | 1.47 | 7.11 | 81.4 | 15.9 b,c | 1.48 c | 17.4 c | 91.4 a |
| SEM | 0.309 | 0.167 | 0.440 | 1.243 | 0.320 | 0.220 | 0.476 | 1.367 | 0.998 | 0.704 | 1.569 | 1.539 |
| Extract (E) | ||||||||||||
| - (without) | 8.78 a | 1.52 | 10.3 a | 86.7 | 7.98 a | 1.86 b | 9.84 a | 82.0 a | 23.0 a | 5.63 b | 28.6 a | 83.7 b |
| ME | 7.98 a | 1.81 | 9.80 a | 83.5 | 7.45 a | 3.16 a | 10.6 a | 71.8 b | 23.3 a | 9.07 a | 32.4 a | 73.0 c |
| DE | 6.75 b | 1.45 | 8.20 b | 84.2 | 5.96 b | 2.05 b | 7.91 b | 75.6 b | 15.0 b | 1.86 c | 16.9 b | 88.7 a |
| p value | 0.001 | NS | 0.003 | NS | 0.001 | 0.014 | 0.010 | 0.003 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Diet (D) | ||||||||||||
| Corn starch | 9.22 a | 2.57 a | 11.8 a | 78.0 b | 8.27 a | 3.04 a | 11.3 a | 73.4 b | 22.9 a | 8.04 a | 31.0 a | 76.6 b |
| Fructose | 6.45 b | 0.62 b | 7.07 b | 91.6 a | 5.92 b | 1.68 b | 7.60 b | 79.5 a | 18.0 b | 3.01 b | 21.0 b | 87.0 a |
| p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.014 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Interaction E × D | ||||||||||||
| p value | NS | NS | NS | NS | 0.016 | NS | NS | NS | 0.002 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.046 |
* C, control fed a diet with 65.8% corn starch; F, fed a diet with 65.0% fructose (F) added at the expense of corn starch; C + ME, fed a corn starch diet with a monomeric ET-rich extract; F + ME, fed a fructose diet with a monomeric ET-rich extract; C + DE, fed a corn starch diet with a dimeric ET-rich extract; F + DE, fed a fructose diet with a dimeric ET-rich extract. a,b,c Mean values within a column with different superscript letters were shown to be significantly different (p < 0.05); differences among the groups (C, F, C + ME, F + ME, C + DE, and F + DE) are indicated with superscripts only in the case of a statistically significant interaction E × D (p < 0.05). Release rate, extracellular expressed as percent of total activity.