Figure 4.

Relationship between lutein and zeaxanthin and brain activation. The figure depicts brain activation during the JLO task minus active baseline contrast that was significantly and negatively related to serum lutein and zeaxanthin levels. In other words, individuals with lower levels of lutein and zeaxanthin showed an increased BOLD signal in these regions (i.e., “neural inefficiency). The activation is superimposed on a single-subject anatomical template in MNI space provided by MRIcron [56]. To conserve space, only five slices were selected to showcase task-related BOLD response based on the largest extent activation.